258 The Principles of Fruit-growing. 
measure and set stakes along this other side of the 
orchard site, up to the stake at the farther end. 
The two remaining sides should be measured and 
staked in* the same way. 
“Provide several tall stakes with a white rag tied 
at the top of each, to use as sight poles at each 
end. If one can run a straight line with a plow 
without intermediate sight poles, that is, with only 
one at each end, these will be enough; but I have 
found that it pays to have an extra line of stakes 
set a few rods from each end, and a guide pole to 
be set at each in turn, as the laying-out pro- 
gresses. 
“We are now ready for the plow. Some like 
one horse, but two make the plow run steadier, and 
it is easier for the plowman to sight between two 
horses than over the head of one. My plan is, to 
first mark out crosswise to the way I intend to 
plant, and to make but a single shallow furrow. 
This being done, we are ready to make the fur- 
rows in which to plant. If these run up and 
down the slope they will act as a drain to the 
trees, in some measure. By plowing two rounds 
and finishing with a dead-furrow or trench on the 
line, and then subsoiling in the bottom of it, there 
will be very little work for the spade in preparing 
to set the trees. It is by no means difficult to 
set them in the checks, with a little sighting, so 
straight that no one would know but that they were 
set by a line. After setting the trees, hitch one 
horse to a plow with a very short singletree covered 
