288 The Principles of Fruit-growing. 
be scraped down to the quick ; 
that is, only the loose ex- 
terior portion should be re 
moved. 
Girdled trees, and gird- 
ling.—Trees which are girdled 
should have the injured parts 
pared down to live tissue and 
the wounded surface then 
covered with an _ antiseptic 
dressing. It is also advis- 
able to bind up the girdle 
with some material like 
grafting-wax, which will 
keep the wood moist and 
thereby allow the ‘ascent 
of the sap; for the sap 
rises in the tree through 
the young, soft wood, and not 
between the wood and the bark. 
The bark is formed over the 
wound by the sap which is re- 
distributed through the tree after 
it has been elaborated in the 
leaves; that is, the reparative 
tissue is formed by elaborated 
sap which is on its downward 
course. If the woody tissue 
is kept soft and fresh, the tree 
Ped: Aout: Cr continue to live for years, 
by a label wire, but there will be a deposition 
