Treating Frozen Trees, 315 
gain its former usefulness. New tissue must be 
developed as quickly as possible, im order to carry 
forward and to maintain the vegetative energies. 
This new tissue is laid on over the old, and the 
old thereby quickly becomes sealed in, so to speak, 
and removed from the agencies of decay. Every 
observant fruit-grower knows that if a tree which is 
severely wintcr-injured in limb and trunk were to 
bear even a partial crop of fruit in the coming sea- 
son, it would very likely die outright. If, however, 
all its energies were directed to the development. of 
new tissue, the injury would soon be overgrown. 
The injured wood, like the heartwood of the tree, is 
soon removed from active participation in the vital 
processes. It therefore follows that the danger re- 
sulting from the browning or blackening of the wood 
by winter-injury depends very much upon the sub- 
sequent treatment of the trees. Fig. 48 shows the 
body of a young plum tree (in longitudinal and 
cross-wise sections) which was frozen black in the 
severe winter of 1895-6. It was heavily pruned in 
the spring of 1896, and in the fall had made a ring 
of bright new wood, which was amply sufficient to 
maintain the tree in perfect health for a long life. 
This appearance is common in nursery stock the 
year following a very hard winter, but such trees 
may not be permanently injured. 
There are instances in which this heavy heading- 
back seems to do more harm than good. These are 
cases in which the entire tree is almost uniformly in- 
jured, and the plant seems to need the stimulus of 
