316 
Fig. 48. 
formed around winter-injured wood. 
The Principles of Frait-growing. 
all its buds to bring out the feeble life 
which is still left to it; but these cases 
are comparatively rare. It is probable 
that the greater number of reported in- 
stances of death due to heavy pruning 
of winter-injured trees are of such trees 
as would have died under any treatment. 
Winter-killed plants often retain suffi- 
cient vitality to enable them to leaf out 
or to bloom, and sometimes even to be- 
gin growth, but when the stored vital- 
ity of the tissues is exhausted the plant 
perishes. This explains the phenomenon, : 
which, after a bad winter, nearly always 
puzzles the inobservant fruit-grower, of 
trees starting into feeble growth and 
then suddenly dying when warm and dry 
weather approaches. 
Winter-killing of the fruit- 
buds.—In severe winters, the 
entire fruit-spur (in the spur- 
fruits, as apples, pears, plums 
and apricots) may be killed 
outright, but the commoner 
ease is the death of the 
lbud only. The bud may be 
Showing the new tissue entirely killed, in which case 
it soon turns brown through- 
out its entire diameter and the flower never opens: 
or only the pistil (the central organ, which ripens into 
the fruit) may be killed, in which case the flower may 
