318 The Principles of Fruit-growing. 
flower becomes prominently discolored or almost black. 
Fig. 50 shows a fresh or live bud at a, and a killed 
bud at b and c. When only the pistil is killed, un- 
trained eyes may not detect the injury. The general 
run of examinations made of buds by farmers, to de- 
termine if there is winter-injury, are of little conse- 
quence. Hxcept in very pronounced instances, the 
only reliable examination is one which is made under 
a dissecting microscope. 
Halsted* makes some good observations in this 
direction: ‘“ Longitudinal sections through the buds 
show something of what has taken place in the pre- 
* Rept. New Jersey Exp. Sta., 1890, 327; also Amer. Gard. xi. 266. 
