Frost Injury to Flowers. 323 
berry patch is often sufficient to avert injury. The 
pistils seem to suffer first. A strawberry nubbin is 
shown in Fig. 54. The top of the berry (or the bot- 
tom, as it hangs) is flattened and 
deformed. This is generally due 
to the freezing of the upper pis- 
tils in the flower, as it stood erect. 
Nubbins are sometimes the result 
Hig. 54. A strawberry — of imperfect pollination, but in 
nubbin, due to frost. 
such cases the deformity is more 
apt to be upon the sides than upon the top, for 
the top pistils are the ones which are very likely to 
be fertilized hy insects. 
A similar case is reported upon blackberries at 
Cornell.* “The only serious ac- 
cident which is known to injure 
the blackberry erop in this state 
is frost; and in most eases the 
injury is unavoidable, even though 
the grower has warning of its 
approach. In the six crops which 
we have grown in our patches 
here, only this year have we suf 
ered from frost, and even this 
year, when the cold wave was 
unusually late and severe, only 
the lowest places suffered seri- 
ously. Drawings of blackberry flowers were made 
upon the spot, two or three days after the frost, and 
Fig. 55. Blackberry flower; 
full size. 
* Bull. 99, Cornell Exp. Sta. 1895. 
