824 The Principles of Fruit-growing. 
they are here reproduced, natural 
size. A normal, uninjured flower 
is. shown in Fig. 55. Inside the 
five white petals or leaves are seen 
the numerous sprawling stamens 
or so-called male organs, each one 
bearing an enlargement or anther 
on the end, inside which the 
pollen is borne. In the center 
of the flower is the head or 
vluster of pistily or so-called fe- 
male organs, each of which ripens into one of the 
little grains which go to make up the blackberry. 
The frost killed these 
organs, so that the 
center of the flower 
@. bore only a small 
“ex lack column of dead 
pistils (see Fig. 56). 
Now and then, one 
or more of these 
pistils in the head 
escaped, and developed into a 
fruit-grain, so that the berry 
became a nubbin. Fig. 57 shows 
the dead and aborted fruits at 
picking time. At the top of the 
picture are some fruits (N, N,) 
in which one or two grains or 
oe ee drupes are full grown, whilst the 
ruined hy frost. rest of the herry failed to develop.” 
Fig. 56. Flower ruined 
by frost. 
