326 The Principles of Fruit-qrowing. 
simply frost-bitten,— that is, injured by a deposit of 
white frost,—are very lkely to persist, but to show 
blemishes or deformities even at maturity. A com- 
mon effeet of very late frosts is to leave a distinet 
russet zone upon the fruit. This zone marks the 
position of the frost upon the young fruit. Apples 
and pears are usually still erect when these frosts 
oeeur, and the dew,—whieh, when frozen, ix frost,— 
probably settles in a ring or belt near the top of the 
fruit or midway down it. The exact position and 
conformation of this deposit of dew are, of course, 
determined by the shape, position and exposure of the 
fruit. Figs. 58 and 59 show the frost zones on 
Fig. 59. Frost injuries on young apples. 
young pears and apples. This injured, corky tissue 
has the power of increasing itself by the extension 
of the abnormal cells, so that the zone is likely to 
