Spray Every Year. 30 
occurred the next year; and the sprays generally 
gave small results. There arose, therefore, a consid- 
erable indifference or even opposition to spraying, 
which may be regretted when years of serious inva- 
sion arise. It is a common fault with farmers that 
they draw their conclusions from the behavior or ex- 
periences of each recurring season, and do not con- 
sider the aggregate results of a series of years. 
Every operation should rest upon some fundamental 
reason or philosophy, rather than upon any single 
half-understood experience. 
38. Spraying is of some value every year, wpon 
apples, pears, plums, quinces, grapes, and various other 
fruits.—Even in years of great immunity, nearly all 
spraved orchards carry a better foliage than those 
which are untreated. So, wholly aside from the idea 
of insuring against risk, it is advisable to spray for 
those insects which are more or less abundant every 
year. Some insects and diseases appear late in the 
season, so that in any year the spray may be needed 
at some epoch in the season. It is, perhaps, useless 
to urge people to spray their orchards. Those per- 
sons who will not spare the trees this much of their 
attention will not be likely to do much in the way of 
tilling and fertilizing. One must grasp the entire 
body of principles of orchard management before he 
ean hope for permanent rewards. 
4. Spray thoroughly, or not at all.—Fully half 
the spraying which is commonly done is a waste 
of time and material. Squirting a few quarts of 
water at a tree as one hurries past it, is not spray- 
