When to Spray. 369 
insects which chew the leaves or shoots,—such as 
the godlin-moth, bud-moth, canker-worm, potato- 
beetle, tent-caterpillar, and the like. Kerosene emul- 
sion* is used for scale-insects and plant-lice. Bor- 
deaux mixture and ammoniacal carbonate of copper 
are used to prevent the attacks of fungous parasites, 
as apple-seab, leaf-blight of the pear, quince and 
plum, potato-blight, and such like. Bordeaux is the 
better all-round fungicide, but the copper carbonate 
solutiont does not discolor the fruit, and may there- 
fore be used if very late sprayings are necessary. 
The times and seasons of spraying depend entirely 
upon the enemies which it is desired reach, and 
upon the weather. 
8. The time to spray must be determined for each 
particular case.— The grower himself must decide 
when and how often to spray, because he should 
* KEROSENE EMULSION. 
RAPA! SOBD osascrciessicisia desi ject ewind so chw@aulentternsaceendwid oni crete 
Boiling water (preferably soft water). 
KOLOS ONC iiss e'sinardcinis kaiaisimiecsiacs Ga og Viathensels Sp sav alememunss 04 Fa sate 
Dissolve the soap in the water, add the kerosene, and churn with a pump 
for 5to10 minutes. Dilute 4 to 25 times before applying. Use strong emulsion 
(diluted 4 to 9 times) in winter for scale insects. For plant-lice, mealy bugs, 
red spider, thrips, weak preparations will prove effective. Cabbage worms, 
eurrant worms, and all insects which have soft bodies, can also be successfully 
treated. It is advisable to make the emulsion shortly before it is used. 
JAMMONIACAL COPPER CARBONATE. 
COPPOE CATDOMATE je.6 said setae .es 5 nsiepiaetesia wre siaciajesengasieioiiargicretesot 1 ounce 
Ammonia, enough to dissolve the copper. 
9 gallons 
Before making the solution, the ammonia should be prepared as follows: 
Use 26° ammonia, and dilute with 7 to 8 volumes of water. Then gradually 
add the necessary amount to the copper carbonate until all is dissolved. It is 
best treated in large bottles, and in them it will keep indefinitely. Dilute as 
required. For same purposes as the Bordeaux mixture. 
¥, 
