370 The Principles of Fruit-growing. 
know what enemies he desires to reach. If he has 
the bud-moth, he should spray with the first swell- 
ing of the buds, and if he has the plum-scale he 
should spray in the winter. But, leaving the special 
insects aside, it is safe to say that for the two staple 
enemies—the apple-scab and the codlin-moth —at 
least two sprayings should be given. It is not yet 
clearly proved that 
spraying when the 
tree is dormant has 
any appreciable  ef- 
fect in destroying the 
apple-scab fungus. 
As a general state- 
ment one may say, 
spray twice upon ap- 
ples and pears, once 
Fig..76. Showing when apple trees are just pe ae Ee eds 
+ ready for the first aos. break open but be- 
fore the flowers ex- 
pand (Fig. 76), and again just as the last blossoms fall. 
In both eases, use a combination of Bordeaux mix- 
ture and Paris green. The first spraying is for the 
seab fungus in particular, and for this the Bordeaux 
is used; but the Paris green will most likely be of 
service in destroying various leaf-cating insects. The 
second spraying is for the codlin-moth in particular, 
and for this the Paris green is used; but the Bor- 
deaux mixture will still be needed for the apple-scab 
and other fungi. Whether or not it is necessary to 
spray again will depend largely upon the season. 
