Associufions and Pools. 471 
next course is placed with the ends snugly against the ends 
of the first course, so that the air spaces are continuous. 
When the center of the car is reached, begin in the other 
end and load in the same way. A_ space will usually be 
left at the last, too narrow to admit another course of pack- 
ages; and the car must now be braced, to prevent the 
eourses from shifting endwise. Pieces of one by six inch 
boards are set up against the ends of each rank of packages, 
and other strips are nailed across these uprights, near the 
bottom and the top of the car. The distance between these 
opposite eross-pieces is now carefully measured, and _ pieces 
of board are cut for braces about an inch longer than this 
space, so that they will have to be driven home with con- 
siderable foree. The braces are toe-nailed in place, to pre- 
vent their falling, if they should chance to loosen in the 
bumping of the car. When thus loaded and braced, the con- 
tents are absolutely immovable, yet each package is separated 
from its neighbors on all sides by wu layer of cold air, which, 
when it becomes warmed by the hot fruit, rises, and is ear- 
ried by the currents thus generated to the ice, where it is 
quickly cooled again, and where it deposits the moisture that 
may have been taken up from the fruit. This rapid cireu- 
lation of the air is very important, and the ive, instead of 
making the fruit damp, as might at first be thought, really 
serves to dry it very effectually.” 
Shipping associations, —In many parts of the 
country, the grower, if he is a good business man, 
can find a special market for all that he can raise ; 
but, in general, it is no doubt true that a thoroughly 
competent organization of fruit men is the best 
means through which to distribute fruit. Such an 
organization should make it a particular business to 
determine just where the best markets are, and’ to 
make out lists of those towns which are within 
practicable reach of the fruit region, with the popu- 
