52 



Nesting. On ground, nest of sea weed or vegetable fragments. 



Distribution. Breeds on the Atlantic coast from Nova Scotia northward to the high 

 Arctic. Owing to advancing settlement nesting localities have at present been reduced to 

 the more isolated situations. Is a more or less regular but rather sparse winter visitor 

 upon lake Ontario, but rarely wanders farther inland along the Great Lakes. 



Economic Status. With similar feeding habits to those of the other 

 Gulls, the superior size, strength, and numbers of the Black-backed Gull 

 increase its powers for good or harm. The species is certainly not to be 

 trusted in the vicinity of unprotected nests of other species, or even young 

 birds, as both eggs and young are eagerly devoured when opportunity 

 offers. To offset this, however, the opportunity to become an important 

 pest is small except in a few localities, as on the Labrador coast where the 

 Black-back breeds abundantly in close proximity to great numbers of 

 Eiders and other sea birds. The damage it does on the Labrador coast, 

 however, is small compared with the more serious and wanton waste of 

 some of the fishermen. 



51. Herring Gull. pb. — lb Qo:feLAND argent^. Lams argentatus. L, 24. Plate 

 II A. 



Distinctions. Size and general coloration are generally sufficient to distinguish the 

 Herring GuU from all other Canadian species, but as size alone is seldom a sufficiently 

 reliable criterion when the contrasted species are not together for comparison, the following 

 points will assist in accurate determination. 



The juvenile Herring Gull is the darkest of the family, approaching the dark-phased 

 Jaegers closely in this respect, but the bill shape and gull habits will prevent confusion with 

 the Jaeger. In the adult, the black wing tips serve to distinguish it from any of the white- 

 winged Gulls and the small white terminal spots from the Kittiwake. The lack of a dark 

 transverse bar on the biU distinguishes it from the adult Ring-biU. However, the juvenile 

 Herring Gull at one stage, as the biU is turning from black to the yellow of maturity, shows 

 a very similar mark and comparative size is then about the only distinguishing point of 

 recognition. 



Field Marks. Size and the colour marks above given are the best field guides. It is 

 often very difficult, sometimes impossible, to separate the Herring and the Ring-biU in 

 life when immature birds of either species are seen separately. 



Nesting. On ground, or on rocky ledges or the flat tops of large isolated rocks, in 

 nests of seaweed or waste vegetable matter. 



Distribution. Found practically all over Canada, and common in the immediate 

 neighbourhood of the larger bodies of water either fresh or salt. Breeds either generally 

 or locally in all but the more southern sections of Canada. 



The Herring Gull is the commonest of our Gulls. It is a wanderer and 

 often seen on the smallest of our lakes, even at considerable distance from 

 its nesting grounds. The Gulls that remain on the lower Great Lakes 

 through the summer are immatures or non-breeding birds. In winter the 

 species remains upon the larger waters until they are frozen over and 

 often throughout the entire season, beating over the open water or 

 perched on the floating ice. The Gulls haunt harbours for the offal and 

 congregate in large numbers about sewer outlets. They have also learned 

 that ships are abundant providers of toothsome scraps. Fishing stations 

 are great attractions to them and there is almost certain to be a large flock 

 in attendance about the cleaning tables on the shore. At the seashore, 

 shell fish and crabs are eagerly sought for at low tide and the Gulls have 

 learned the trick of carrying their hard shelled prey into the air and dropping 

 it upon the rocks below, after which they descend and extract the savoury 

 morsels from the broken case. In rough weather they congregate in numbers 

 about foamy breakers off stormy points for the food that is brought to the 



