46 STATE BOAED OF HORTICULTUEE. 



well with a scant supply of fertilizer. But he cannot attain 

 the results achieved by him who adds to these methods the 

 ability to furnish the fertilizing elements needed. 



I have pointed out the fact that certain old orchards have 

 maintained health and productiveness, while others, having 

 equal if not superior natural conditions, have proved either 

 only moderately profitable or a source of loss to their owners. 

 Man}' of the less successful groves have not apparently been 

 neglected, and, it may be, have failed to use only one of the 

 three essentials to success. It is por.sible that the calling of 

 the attention of their growers to the practices which have won 

 most marked success may lead them to appreciate the need of 

 improving their methods, instead of drifting along in the 

 easier, conventional way which is common. Young orchards 

 generally pay while the soil is virgin and its abuse has not 

 begun to affect the product. It will be well if the conceit 

 which has always characterized the residents of each young 

 fruit settlement shall be eliminated before its orchardists dis- 

 cover that to maintain the reputation of their horticultural 

 youth there is need of constant and faithful labor, and a gen- 

 erous feeding of the soil before its best elements shall have been 

 extracted. Providence has given to each orchardist, in the 

 natural fertility of his soil, a little capital with which to work. 

 He cannot draw upon it without loss, and permanent pros- 

 perity depends upon maintaining it. It is because this is gone 

 that we hear of the decadence of the older orange trees, and to 

 nothing else. The pioneers have had some expensive expe- 

 riences, and it will be well if the later coiners shall benefit by 

 them. 



General statements regarding my conclusions may have more 

 force if I give brief reference to the methods of successful growers. 

 There are few orchardists in Southern California who are better 

 known for the quality of their fruit than W. H. Backus. Though 

 he has never aimed to unduly force his trees, he has had uni- 

 form success in securing regular crops of fine-textured fruit. 

 His orchard is one of the very oldest, and his trees have the 

 disadvantage of having been planted only a rod apart. The 

 soil is heavy. If there were anything in the claim of the 

 deterioration of the Navel tree it should find justification here. 

 And yet the trees are generally fine in color, and always well 

 loaded with fruit. What methods have maintained the uniform 



