98 STATE BOARD OF HOETICDLTTJEE. 



tration. The main limbs are cleared of all brush long before 

 the time of budding. They are budded in the spring or in the 

 fall. If budded in the fall the buds are allowed to lie dormant 

 through the winter and started in the spring. The buds are 

 inserted in the limbs, and when they have "taken" the tops 

 are gradually removed, leaving the side limbs to grow for 

 awhile to prevent the flowing sap from relaxing, which keeps 

 the buds growing until they assume the functions of the top. 

 These side limbs are then removed, and the trunks and limbs 

 are given a thick coating of whitewash to prevent sunburn, etc. 



Beheading System. — This system is successfully practiced 

 by several experienced budders of Riverside. 0. D. Wilhite, a 

 gentleman of long experience, treats his trees before budding by 

 removing all limbs (below the line of buds) that are not needed 

 in the process of budding. He further treats the remaining 

 limbs by removing the small branches near the line of buds, 

 to induce flow of sap at points where the buds are to be 

 inserted. By this double removal he concentrates the flow of 

 sap over a limited part of the tree and also at the special line 

 of bud insertion. This service is done in the early spring. 

 When the tree responds by increased growth, as it soon will, 

 the sap is circulating in vigor and the buds are inserted. The 

 treatment of the buds is the same as for nursery budding. 

 Immediately after insertion they are tightly covered with 

 waxed cloth. The coverings are allowed to remain about 

 three weeks, or until such time as the buds are well established. 

 They are then removed, and where the buds have not taken, 

 new buds are inserted. Wherever a sufficient number of buds 

 have taken, the top is entirely removed and the wounds 

 covered with heated wax. In processing the tree for protection 

 from injury by the sun a heavy coat of whitewash is applied 

 before the removal of the limbs. This coating is carried above 

 the point of cutting and over the waxed cloth. This insures 

 the whole surface to be covered with the lime except a band 

 where the cloth rests. When the cloth is removed the clear 

 strip beneath can easily be seen in future observations of the 

 buds. The first treatment of the tree is to let all new sprouts 

 grow. These will appear over the entire tree surface, and will 

 keep the sap in motion and the roots in action. The first 

 handling is to pinch the fast growing buds to strengthen their 

 trunks, and to remove a few of the sprouts which have grown 



