28 



the entire farm, as it is assessed to pay the taxes of the government ; and 

 the value of the farms in the United States in 1860, was $6,654,045,007, a-d 

 these buildings then were worth $3,327,022,503. 



All these houses, barns, out-houses, fences, &c,, must be replaced in about 

 twenty years, or if some remain others of equal value will be constructed. 

 The whole must come from the trees. At the present rate of destruction 

 where is the timber to come from ? What provisions are the land-owners 

 making for the future ? What step does the state take in order to keep up 

 the assessed value of its lands ? 



But we must not stop with the additions made to the assessed value of the 

 lands by the use of wood ; the additions made to manufactures are not less 

 important than those to the real estate, and from which the government 

 draws a revenue. When we compare the different manufactures of the 

 United States with each other, we shall find that those in wood out-strip all 

 the others. The value of the manufacturers from the grist mills in 1860, 

 reached $223,144,396, and of cotton fabrics $115,137,926. The value of the 

 sawed and plained lumber as it came from the mills, was $96,000,000. The 

 products of the grist mills gave employment to 19,000 professional bakers, 

 and those of the cotten mills employed 96,000 tailors and tailoresses, while 

 the lumber gave work to 242,968 carpenters, all of whom are men. The pig and 

 bar iron and iron machinery manufactured was valued at $94,460,481 — less 

 than the raw lumber as it came from the mills. There were also 29,223, cab- 

 inet makers, producing $22,701,304 worth of ware; and 3,510 musical instru- 

 ment makers, producing $5,791,807, from wood. More than 60 other trades 

 dependant in whole or in part upon wood as their material for manufacturing, 

 employed 600,000 men, the value of whose workmanship is not given, but if 

 estimated at $1,000 each, gives a total value of $500,000,000 for those trades— 

 nearly equal in value to the manufactures of the grist mills, cotton, woollen and 

 iron establishments. 



In 1860 the ship tonage of the Union was 5,539,812 tons and worth $40 

 per .ton, giving a value of $221,692,480 — nearly the whole of which was com- 

 posed of wood. The woodwork in the railroad superstructures, bridges, ears, 

 engines, depots, engine and car-houses of the United States has been esti- 

 mated at $216,000,000— equal to one-fifth of the entire cost of the roads; 

 and these are the least durable portion of the roads. An estimate for the 

 fHel, repairs, fences, &o., for the roads, require $141,085,104 annually. All- 

 together, then we reach the same conclusion as to manufactures, as in rela- 

 tion to real estate, that one-half the values on which taxes are levied, has 

 its origin in or is composed of wood. But all this use of wood is accompanied 

 by an euormously increasing consumption, and the wood must be replaced 

 by other wood, which has to be grown. 



Here is an interest outreaching all others in value, which has received no 

 fostering care from the government, nor scarcely any attention of public 



