71 



* Imndred 'where we plant one, destroying what ought to "be eultiTated, not 

 Alone for ornament, but for its valuable wood, and fine shade and protection. 



All lands which will produce corn and wheat, or good grass, will grow some 

 varietj of the elm. Trenching upon the borders of the marsh, wher* con- 

 tending with the black ash, tamarack and alder, overtowing the .sugar maple^ 

 spreading its lon^ limbs over the oaks on the dry ridges, or hiding them be- 

 neath the pines ; it rivals all the trees in the forest in the breadth of its 

 Tange. In all these places no trees mount so rapidly, or make so much wood 

 an a given period of time. Its wood contends with the oak for sj^rength, and 

 the hickory for suppleness, entering into and absolutely necessary for the 

 manufacture of many implements of industry ; and as fuel when dried and 

 housed, as all fuel oi^ht to be, it takes a high rank, between the hickory and 

 maple. 



But three marked .species with, one sub-family are all we shall notice as . 

 worthy *f cultivation. 



ULMDS AMERICANA, (_WMte Mm.) 



This is the largest of the elms, with leaves smooth above, downy under- 

 neath, oblong-ovate, pointed, sharply double serrate ; flijwers in umbleTike 

 clusters before the leaves in April. Pruit oval with wooly-fcinged margins. 

 It is much the largest of all the elms, often growing to the height of 80 to 

 100 feet, with a stem six feet ia diameter, and a very rapid grower in rich, 

 moist land. 



This lofty and wide spreading tree; with its profusion of slender, drooping 



spray, is particularly adapted for shade and street rows. The wood is tough, 



close grained and much valued by carriage makers and others for bending, 



into carriage and wagon bows, and into plow handles, and other purposes. 



DLMUS RACEMOSA. (iCi»»-% White Mm.) 



This species differs but little from the preceding, in leaves and flowers, 

 which are in compound racemes, and the branches are mostly eorky ridged, 

 ■or winged, which render them le.is slender and diooping. The tree grows as 

 rapidly as the white elm, and the wood is tougher and closer grained. This 

 valuable tree is not very common in this state, ai>d flourishes in drier land 

 than the white elm. 



ULMPS FULVA, {Sed or Slippery Mm ) 



This is a very rapid growirg tree on dry, rich soil, but of medium si^ed, 

 and short lived, not lasting more than forty or fifty years ; but the root may 

 be kept alive when the tree is cut before it reaches a great age. Its heart 

 wood is reddish yellow, is more brittle than the other varieties ; but is supe- 

 rior for fuel, and sufficiently durable for sleepers for railroads. 



The inside bark from whieh it takes its name, elippery,, is used for medici- 

 nal purposes. This species when small ia extensively used for wagon and 

 carriage hubs, and by many ie thought to be unequalled for that purpose, a,i 

 the wood is fine grained, compact and not liable to check or crack open like 

 •oak and some other kinds of timber; and it holds the spokes firmly. 



The seeds of all the -elms ripen in Wisconsin fi§m the first to the fifteenth 

 of Jane and are scattered by the winds in a few days after they mature. To 



