75 



Although found in Western New York, it is not a very common tree in 

 that state, but was found abundant in the western states. The heart wood 

 is very durably, lying on the ground perfectly sound some years after the 

 bark and sap wood have fallen offj Farms may still be found in Indiana, Illi- 

 nois and Missouri, which are mainly fenced with black walnut rails. It is 

 probably not more than tjrenty years since these rails were cut and split from 

 trees, that would have made 1000 feet each of thawed lumber. The large forks 

 of the tree being many times more valuable than the straight grained wood, 

 for vaneers. Had those trees thus wasted for rails, and the most valuable 

 forks consumed in the log heaps, been allowed to remain until this time, each 

 tree would now have been worth more than acres of the land they helped to 

 enclose, and on which they once were growing. If this be called killing the 

 goose that laid the golden eggs, what shall be said of those who committed 

 trees similar in value, to the log heaps and flres to clear the land from this 

 golden encumbrance, for the purpose of planting ten hills of corn where a 

 hundred dollar tree flourished befpre ? 



The black walnut in good, rich, calcareous soil, grows as rapidly as the sil- 

 ver leafed maple ; and like the butternut, comes into bearing when quite 

 young. For nut bearing it should have plenty of room, as it has a wide 

 spreading and rather open top ; but for the timber, where the tree is grown 

 for the stem, it would be better to grow it at the rate of 320 to the acre, and 

 when they they had reached 12 feet high, to plant silver leaved or red ma- 

 ples to crowd the trees and prevent the tops from spreading. The maples 

 might be cut away for fuel as soon as they had accomplished their object. As 

 the wood increases in value by the age of the tree, the black walnut should 

 not be cut for timber until it was apparent that it had nearly ceased to grow. 

 When trees have reached their maximum value which may be placed at from 

 50 to 15 years from the seed, each tree may, at that time, be estimated ati 

 $100 ; and the acre of 160 trees at $16,000, what other enterprise will pay 

 the same rate for capital and labor invested ? It may be safely said that 

 few investments can be made with greater certainty of success, than in plant- 

 ing and growing the butternut and walnut. The fact that they have grown 

 in Wisconsin and attained great age, size and beauty of wood, is conclusive 

 proof that our climate is adapted to their growth in perfection, and the same 

 thing may be again expected. When planted on good land, and cared for 

 while young, they may be looked upon as certain. 



JUGLANS KEGIA. {Miglish Wdnvi.) 

 Is the only foreign species that deserves any attention. The nut of that 

 species is well know in our markets. The trees much resemble the butternut 

 in appearance, and might be mistaken for it without close examination. It 

 is a large tree and quite hardy as far north as Albany, in New York, andbear.< 

 fruit. The tree is worth of a trial sufficiently to test its quality of hardiness. 

 Large quanties of the nuts are annually imported and consumed ; and it cer- 



