LIFE AND WORKS OF COPE. XXV 



Mosasaurs, also of Testudines, Crocodilia, Plesiosaurs and 

 Dinosaurs (Iguanodontia) : Agathaiimas, Cope {Triceratops, 

 Marsh); Hadrosaurus, Leidy; (Trachodon, Leidy; Didonius, 

 Cope, Laosaurus, Marsh). 



Cope's most epoch-making contributions, however, are 

 his researches on the Permian Reptiles of Texas, which 

 commenced in 1878. In the Proceedings af the American 

 Philosophical Society of this year he established the sub-or- 

 der Pelycosaurla of the Rhynchocephalia to contain Clepsy- 

 drops, Dimetrodon, Diadectes, Bolosaurus, Pariotichus, Empe- 

 dias. In the December American Naturalist of the same 

 year the order Theromorpha (reptiles having characters of 

 mammals) was created, with the sub-orders Anomodontia, 

 Owen, and Pelycosaurla, Cope. • The Pelycosauria were con- 

 sidered as the ancestors of the Mammalia. In 1880* a new 

 division of the Theromorpha was established, with the 

 name of Cotylosauria, to contain the family Diadectidas. In 

 a skull of Empedias he described two occipital condyles, 

 being misled by the missing basioccipital. In 1883t he 

 placed his genera Pariotichus and Pantylus in a new family, 

 Pariotichidse, characterized by the over-roofing of the 

 temporal fossae and the presence of the supra-occipital and 

 par-occipital plates (intercalare. Cope). He now found the 

 basioccipital in position and the order Cotylosauria was 

 given up. In 1890 (March 12th), Cope, however, again em- 

 ployed the Cotylosauria as a suborder under the Theromora 

 distinguishing three families: Careiasauridse, Pariotichidse, 

 Diadectidse. In 1882J Seeley had established the order 

 Pareiasauria, which Lydekker (1889) and Zittel considered 

 as a suborder of the Theromora. In 1892§ the Cotylo- 

 sauria was raised to ordinal rank by Cope. 



The last two papers published by Cope in the Proceed- 



♦American Naturalist, p. 304. 

 tProc. Amer. Philos. Soc, p. 631. 

 tProc. Boy. Sou., Vol. 44, p. 383. 

 §Trans. Am. Phil. Soc, Vol. XVII. 



