LIFE AND WORKS OF COPE. XXUl 



poda and Symphypoda. He showed the essential differences between 

 the ordinary Dinosauria and the birds to consist in the distinct tar- 

 sal bones in two series, the anteriorly directed pubes, and the pres- 

 ence of teeth, of the first class. In the genus Lcelaps, Cope, type 

 of the Goniopoda, the proximal series of tarsal bones was princi- 

 pally represented by one large astragaloid piece which had a very 

 extensive motion on those of the second series. This was immov- 

 ably bound to, and embraced, the tibia, and was perhaps continuous 

 with the fibula, much resembling the structure of the foot of the 

 chick of the ninth day, as given by Gegenbaur. The zygomatic 

 arch was of a very light description. He was convinced that the 

 most bird-like of the tracks of the Connecticut sandstone were made 

 by a nearly allied genus, the Batkygnathus, Leidy. These creatures, 

 no doubt, assumed a more or less erect position, and the weight of 

 the viscera, etc., was supported by the slender and dense pubic 

 bones, which were, to some extent, analogous to the marsupial bones 

 of implacental Mammalia, though probably not homologous with 

 them. 



He said he was satisfied that the so-called clavicles of Iguanodon 

 and other Dinosauria were pubes, having a position similar to those 

 of the Orocodilia. 



Also, that a species of Lcelaps had been observed in France, by 

 Cuvier, which was different from the Lcdaps aquilunguis, and which 

 he proposed should be called Lcelaps gallicus. 



Gompsognathus, Wagner, type of the Symphypoda, expressed the 

 characters of the latter in the entire union of the tibia and fibula 

 with the first series of tarsal bones, a feature formerly supposed to 

 belong to the class Aves alone, until pointed out by Gegenbaur. 

 This genus also offered an approach to the birds in the transverse 

 direction of the pubes (unless this be due to distortion in the 

 specimen figured by Wagner), their position being intermediate be- 

 tween the position in most reptiles and in birds. Other bird-like 

 features were the great number and elongation of the vertebrae of 

 the neck, and the very light construction of the arches and other 

 bones of the head. 



He thought the penguin, with its separated metatarsals, formed 

 an approach on the side of the birds, but whether the closest ap- 

 proximation to the Symphypoda should be looked for here or among 



