50 COPE 



Subclass III.— SALIENTIA. 

 But one order of this subclass is recognized. It is thus 

 defined : 

 Vomers and palatopterygoid arch present; Anura. 



The Anura has the families arranged under the follow- 

 ing suborders : 



Eustachian foramina opening together on the 

 middle line ; no tongue ; coracoids con- 

 nected by a cartilage on each side ; Aglossa. 



Eustachian foramina separate ; a tongue ; cor- 

 acoids connected by a separate cartilage 

 on each side, one overlapping the other ; Arcifera. 



Eustachian foramina separate ; a tongue ; a 

 single median cartilage connecting all the 

 coracoids ; scapular arch free ; Firmisternia. 



As in Firmisternia, but scapular arch artic- 

 ulated to skull ; Gastrechmia 

 The families included under these ordgrs are as follows : 



(Aglossa) : Xenopidse ; Pipidse. 



(Arcifera) : Discoglossidse ; Bufonidse ; Dendrophryniscidse ; 

 Asterophrydidse ; Pelodytidse ; Scaphiopidse ; Hylidse ; 

 Cystignathidse; Amphignathodontidse; Hemiphractidse. 



(Firmisternia) : Engystomidse ; Phryniscidse ; Dendroba- 

 tidse ; Cophylidse; Dyscophidse; Colostethidse; Ran- 

 idse ; Ceratobatrachidse. 



(Gastrechmia) : Hemisidse. 



Remains of Anura have been found in the Jurassic beds 

 of Colorado, but to which suborder they pertain is un- 

 known. They next appear in the Eocene of Wyoming. 

 Well defined forms are found in the phosphorites of France, 

 which include both Arcifera and Firmisternia. They con- 

 tinue to the present day. 



The time relations of the orders of Batrachia are repre- 

 sented in the preceding table. 



