90 COPE 



No caeca coli ; no interclavicle ; one 



carotid artery; (16) Picoidei. 



III. Maxillopalatines not united on median line ; 

 vomer single, truncate, and excavated in front. 

 {JiJgithognathae) 



A. Toes three in front (anisodactylous). 

 Toes free ; hallux well developed ; tar- 

 sometatarsus with five tendinous 

 canals ; basipterygoids wanting or 

 rudimental ; sternum with two 

 notches ; no caeca coli ; one carotid 

 artery ; (17) Passeres. 



AA. Four toes directed forwards (pampro- 

 dactylous). 

 Toes free ; no basipterygoids ; sternum 

 entire posteriorly ; tensor patigii 

 brevis muscle attached to a tendon 

 which extends to the manus ; no 

 csecacoli ; (15) Micropodioidei* 



The cormorants, pelicans, and boobies of the Stegano- 

 podes appear in the Eocene. The Eocene representatives 

 of the Chenomorphee are primitive flamingoes, the true 

 ducks and geese not appearing before the Neocene. The 

 Eocene Accipitres are Falconidfe, the owls not appearing 

 before the Neocene. The kingfishers are the earliest repre- 

 sentatives of the Coccygomorphse, appearing in the Eocene; 

 the remaining families are not known prior to the Neocene. 

 The Phasianidse of the Gallinse appear in the Middle Eo- 

 cene. It is thus evident that the majority of the families 

 of the Euornithes are not known prior to the beginning 

 of the Neocene system. 



The time distribution of the Euornithes is as follows, as 

 far as known : 



■ Family Cypselid*. 



