VEETEBRATA 115 



Molars 7 or less ; canine generally small, in- 

 cisors generally enlarged; fibula generally 

 united with tibia ; Inseciivora. 



Molars 7 or less ; incisors few, growing con- 

 tinually from open roots ; Tillodonta. 



Incisors much enlarged, growing from persis- 

 tent pulps, the superior with enamel in 

 anterior and posterior bands, and hence 

 truncate; * Taeniodonta. 



The Pantotheria are the most ancient of the Eutherian 

 Mammalia, appearing rather abundantly in the Jurassic of 

 Europe and North America. They are all of small size. 

 The Creodonta represent the Carnivora in the Postcretacic 

 and Eocene systems. They have (except in one family) 

 more than one sectorial molar, and these are true molars, 

 and not premolars. They have (except in one family) 

 strong canines. They range in size from that of an opos- 

 sum (Stypolophus sp.) to that of a grizzly bear (Hemipsalo- 

 don sp.). They are found in the horizons mentioned in 

 North America, Europe, and South America. A few species 

 (Hysenodon, etc.) remain over in the Lower Neocene 

 (White River). (Fig. 52.) 



Undoubted Insectivora appear in the Upper Eocene of 

 France, but supposed members of the suborder occur in the 

 Lower Eocene of the same. In America none are certainly 

 known prior to the Lower Neocene (White River). They 

 are rare in all formations in America, but they are abund- 

 ant in the Middle Neocene of Europe, and in later beds, 

 where forms of moles, shrews, and hedgehogs are abundant. 

 The enlargement of the incisors seen in the Insectivora 

 reaches its extreme in the Tillodonta, where they grow 

 from persistent pulps, as in the Glires. These animals first 

 appear in the Postcretacic of North America, and are not 



*Tertiary vertebrata, 1883, p. 186. This order is equal to the Calamodonta of 

 Cope and the Ganodonta of Wortman.— Ed. 



