BUDS. 



41 



Yet another, and much more striking phenomenon, however, is produced by 

 the crowded position of the youngest leaves at the end of the shoot-axis, in 

 connection with a further fact, viz. the much quicker growth of the leaves, as 

 contrasted with the elongation of the shoot-axis. This is the formation of Buds. 

 By the word bud, we distinguish generally the young condition of a shoot: 

 either the whole young shoot, or the young portion at the free end of a shoot 

 already further developed, is a bud. Shortly put, the bud is the growing point of 

 a shoot, surrounded by its leaves We can thus only speak of buds in connection 



FIG. 32 Selaginella iiiaqualijolia : longitudinal section tliroiigll tlie rlglit side of tlie fertile spilce. 



b base of leaf; « ligule ; sp sporangium ; -v point of connection of tlie caiiline and foliar bundles ; 

 / air cavities ; x series of cells traversing the cavities (X izo). 



with leaf-forming shoots : in contrast to them, stand the naked growing points of the 

 leafless shoots of Algse and Fungi, to which I shall refer later. 



The development of every new plant individual begins with the production, of a 

 young shoot; in leaf-forming plants, therefore, with the formation of buds. Thus 

 there arises, even in the embryo of the vascular plants as soon as any organs become 

 recognisable on them, a bud (the plumule), and in the same way the development of 

 any new shoot, after a growing point has been formed, consists in the development 

 of a bud, which then grows out further, at once or later. While the growing point 

 itself, just as the youngest parts of the shoot-axis on which leaves are already 



