App. I. MALE NATIVE OF PERNAND VAZ. 443 



squamosal fossa towards tlie meatus auditorius ex- 

 ternus. Above this the upper and outer border of 

 the tympanic projects as a " super-auditory ridge." 

 Stylohyals, one inch in length, are anchylozed to the 

 petrosal. The frontal is slightly protuberant above 

 the spheno-frontal suture, between it and the begin- 

 ning or fore-part of the temporal ridge. 



The nasals are .^hort, narrow, concave lengthwise, 

 convex transversely, but with little prominence. 



The malars slope outward to their lower margin, 

 near which they are tuberous lengthwise. The an- 

 terior alveolar part of the upper jaw slopes forward, 

 as in fig. 1. The contour of the bony palate (fig. 3), 

 is that of a full elhpse. The molars (jn 1, m 2) are 

 smaller than in Australians. 



The angle of the mandible is well-marked ; the 

 ascending ramus is subquadrate ; the incisive alveoli 

 bend a little forward to their outlets ; a mere rough- 

 ness takes the place of the " spinas mentales," on the 

 inner or back part of the symphysis. 



The three true molars are present in each side of 

 the lower jaw ; those of the left side, especially the 

 first and second, are more worn than those of the 

 rio-ht ; the third is on the grinding level on the left 

 side, but has risen only half toward it on the right 

 side. The age of the individual, as at the prime of 

 life, may be inferred from this state of dentition ; it 

 is also plain that the left side, or half, of the jaw had 

 chiefly been used in mastication. The size of the 

 three molars is inferior to that in Australian jaws, 

 but superior to that in most Europeans. 



The cranium of this skull, in comparison with that 



