ANCIENT AND MODERN FORESTRY 41 
otherwise there could not be any Regard made 
in the forest. Like a jury at common law, they 
had all twelve to be unanimous in certifying their 
verdict or ‘presentment,’ else it was invalid. 
Regarders were appointed either for life or in 
fee, by grant of royal letters-patent; or they 
might be made, during the king’s pleasure, by 
the Justice in Eyre, or by the king’s writ to the 
sheriff; while in case of absence of one of the 
twelve from a Swainmote the Justice in Eyre could 
make nomination pro hdc vice. When a Regard 
of the forest or Visitatio nemorum was ordered 
once every third year by issue of the king’s writ to 
the sheriff, it was made by the Regarders accom- 
panying the Foresters and Woodwards. They 
surveyed all the Wastes, Assarts, and Purprestres 
and entered them on rolls, examined the woods, 
hedges, fences, and fellings, inspected mines and 
forges, and made inquiries regarding those who 
had bows, arrows, hounds, &c., for chasing and 
killing the deer. This roll was brought to the 
Court of Attachment or the Swainmote, and was 
afterwards presented at the next Justice Seat. 
They had therefore the fourfold duties of seeing, 
inquiring, enrolling, and certifying concerning 
