THE OTHER HARDWOODS _ 169 
it will usually be most remunerative to utilise 
them about their sixtieth or seventieth year, so 
that underplanting may take place for the benefit 
of the main crop; whereas, if grown with beech, 
they can remain as long as they are sound and 
continue to increase ata profitable rate. No dog- 
matism can be safely hazarded as of general applica- 
tion in such cases, for the whole of the operations 
of Forestry are so essentially ruled by local con- 
siderations and market requirements, that only the 
principles of management can be broadly sketched ; 
while these very principles themselves, as well as 
their particular application, must be modified by 
what promises to be most advantageous under the 
given conditions and the future prospects of the 
timber market. 
When grown in highwoods with oak, ash and 
sycamore will often, on being felled and removed, 
throw up a sufficient crop of stool-shoots together 
with ash-suckers, to obviate any necessity for 
spending much in the formation of underwood; 
and if the canopy has been at all light previously, 
there may be quite a large number of self-sown 
seedlings on the ground, chiefly of sycamore. 
Where such conditions obtain, on the better 
