42 



Diseases of Poultry 



vertebrae of which the first, called the atlas, is the 

 smallest. The vertebrae of the back (6) number seven, 

 but they are usually nearly completely grown together 



into one single mass 

 •':' --^' of bone. To these 



vertebrae of the back 

 (called the thoracic 

 vertebra) are at- 

 tached the seven 

 pairs of ribs (7). 



The lumbar verte- 

 brae, of which only 

 one or two remain, 

 are in old birds 

 grown together with 

 the sacral vertebrae 

 (17). Behind the 

 sacral vertebrae come 

 the caudal (18), which 

 support the struc- 

 ture known, rather 

 colloquially, as the 

 "pope's nose." 

 There are six caudal 

 vertebrae. 



The pelvis consists 

 of three bones fused 

 together: the ilium 

 (19), the ischium 

 (20), and the pubis 

 (21). 



The breastbone (8) bears a high and sharp bony plate, 

 the keel, to which the breast muscles are attached. The 

 wings are supported by the pectoral or shoulder girdle of 



Fig. 6. — Skeleton of cock (Gallus sp.). For 

 explanation of figures see text. (After 

 Diirigen.) 



