310 Diseases of Poultry 



bending, then twisted between the finger and thumb and 

 drawn out. A trial or two may miss, but usually 5 or 6 

 attempts will bring up 4 or 5 worms, and the hairs inserted 

 in this way, without twisting, do not seem to hurt the chicks, 

 and are used with the greatest facility. The bringing up of 

 even from 4 to ID worms, and the failure of more to come 

 after a blank trial or two, may usually be reckoned as a 

 cure." 



Wire gape worm extractors may be bought from dealers in 

 poultry supplies, or one can make one for himself by taking 

 No. 30 wire, forming a loop at one end just big enough to go 

 easily down the trachea, and then twisting together the ends 

 of the wire to form a long handle. Worms removed should 

 be burned. 



It is reported {Jour. Bd. of Agric, London, Vol. 13, p. 368, 

 1906) that gapes may be successfully treated by the fumes of 

 carbolic acid. The method given is to place the chicks in a 

 basket over a pail containing carbolic acid. A hot brick is 

 placed in the pail for the purpose of volatilizing the acid. 



Prognosis. — This disease is often fatal in young chicks 

 from one to four weeks old, especially in small, weak birds. 

 In young chicks and in most adult fowls it often causes little 

 inconvenience. These fowls, however, are constant sources 

 of infection. The removal of the worms from the trachea 

 if skillfully done so that the delicate membrane is not injured 

 usually effects a cure but this individual treatment requires 

 considerable time and the value of the chicks must determine 

 whether or not it is economically profitable. 



Crooked Breast Bone 



The normal breast bone of a fowl is shaped like a boat with 

 a deep keel. This keel is a thin plate, of bone which furnishes 

 a place for the attachment of the large flying muscles. In a 



