302 THE FORMATION 
352. Nomenclature. The names of formations are taken from the hab- 
itats which they occupy. Each formation should have a vernacular and a 
scientific name. The latter is especially important since it ensures brevity 
and uniformity, and obviates the obscurity and confusion that arise from 
vernacular terms in many tongues. Scientific names have been made uni- 
formly from Greek words of proper meaning’ by the addition of the suffix 
-ium (efov), which denotes place.t The following list gives the English and 
the scientific name of the various habitats, and their corresponding forma- 
tions, and indicates the primary divisions into which these fall. 
I. Hydrophytia: water plant for- 17. swamp forest: helohy- 
mations lium 
I. Ocean: oceanium: oce- 18. swamp open woodland: 
anad,? oceanophilous, helodium 
etc. 1g. meadow thicket: helo- 
2. sea: thalassium drium 
surface of the sea: 20. bank: ochthium 
pelagium rock bank:  petrach- 
deep sea: pontium thium 
-3. lake: limnium, limnad sand bank: ammoch- 
4. pond, pool, tiphium, tip- thium 
had mud bank: pelochthium 
5. stagnant water:  stas- 21. rocky seashore: actium 
' ium: stasad 22, sandy seashore: agium 
6. salt marsh: limnodium, 23. sandbar: cheradium 
limnodad 24. tank: phretium 
7. fresh marsh: helium II. Mesophytia: middle plant for- 
8. wet meadow: telmatium mations 
g. river: potamium a. Sciophytia: shade plant 
Io. creek, rhoium formations 
11. brook: namatium 26. forest: hylium 
12. torrent: rhyacium 27. grove: alsium 
13. Spring: crenium 28. orchard: dendrium 
14. warm spring: thermium 29. canyon: ancium 
15. ditch: taphrium 30. open woodland: orga- 
16. sewer: laurium dium 
*Clements, F. FE. A System of Hiomenclabure for Phytogeography. Engler Jahrb., 
31:b70:1. 1902. 
*The terms, oceanud, hylad, poad, oo. etc., are proposed in place of ocean- 
ophyte, hylophyte, etc. They are much shorter and make consistent groups under the 
general term, ecad., i. e., habitat form. 
