210 ANIMAL LIFE 
ous larvee, the presence of which would tend to destroy the 
illusion so successfully carried out by them. The common 
walking-stick (Diapheromera) (Fig. 131), with its wingless, 
greatly elongate, dull-colored body, is an excellent example 
of special protective resemblance. It is quite indistinguish- 
able, when at rest, from the twigs to which it is clinging. 
Another member of the family of insects to which the walk- 
ing-stick belongs is the famous green-leaf insect (Phylliwm) 
(Fig. 132). It is found in 
South America and is of a 
bright green color, with broad 
leaf-like wings and body, with 
markings which imitate the 
leaf veins, and small irregu- 
lar yellowish spots which 
mimic decaying or stained 
or fungus-covered spots in 
the leaf. 
There are many butter- 
flies that resemble dead 
leaves. All our common 
meadow browns ((rapta), 
brown and reddish butter- 
flies with ragged-edged wings, 
that appear in the autumn 
and flutter aimlessly about ex- 
Fig. 480. —The preen-ient insect actly like the falling leaves, 
(Phyllium). show this resemblance. But 
most remarkable of all is a 
large butterfly (Mallima) (Fig. 133) of the East Indian 
region. The upper sides of the wings are dark, with 
purplish and orange markings, not at all resembling a 
dead leaf. But the butterflies when at rest hold their 
wings together over the back, so that only the under sides 
of the wings are exposed. The under sides of Aallima’s 
wings are exactly the color of a dead and dried leaf, and 
