302 ANIMAL LIFE 
America. Some of these (anthropoid apes) have much 
in common with man, and a primitive man derived from 
these has been imagined by Haeckel and others. No 
creature of this character is yet known, but that it may 
have once existed is not impossible. To this region be- 
long the elephant, the rhinoceros, and the hippopotamus, 
as well as the lion, tiger, leopard, giraffe, the wild asses, 
and horses of various species, besides a large number of 
ruminant animals not found in other parts of the world. 
It is, in fact, in its lower mammals and reptiles that its 
most striking dis- 
tinctive characters 
are found. In its 
fish fauna it has 
very much in com- 
mon with South 
America. 
The Lemurian 
realm comprises 
Madagascar alone. 
It is an isolated di- 
vision of the Indo- 
African realm, but 
the presence of 
many species of 
lemur and an un- 
specialized or 
primitive type of 
lemur is held to 
"Fig. 179.—A lemur (Lemur varius). justify its recogni- 
tion as a distinct 
realm. In most other groups of animals the fauna of Mada- 
gascar is essentially that of neighboring parts of Africa. 
The Patagonian realm includes the south temperate 
zone of South America. It has much in common with the 
neotropical realm from which its fauna is mainly derived, 
