306 ANIMAL LIFE 
sea, and in some forms these shining appendages are highly 
developed. In one form (thoprora) a luminous body cov- 
ers the end of the nose, like the head-light of an engine. 
In another (Jpnops) the two eyes themselves are flattened 
out, covering the whole top of the head, and are luminous 
in life. Many of these species have excessively large teeth, 
and some have been known to swallow animals actually 
larger than themselves. Those which have lantern-like 
spots have always large eyes. 
The deep-sea fishes, however fantastic, have all near rel- 
atives among the shore forms. Most-of them are degener- 
ate representatives of well-known species—for example, of 
eels, cod, smelt, grenadiers, sculpin, and flounders. The 
deep-sea crustaceans and mollusks are similarly related to 
shore forms. 
The third great subdivision of marine animals is the 
littoral or shore group, those living in water of moderate 
depth, never venturing far into the open sea either at the 
surface or in the depths. This group shades into both 
the preceding. The individuals of some of the species are 
excessively local, remaining their life long in tide pools or 
coral reefs or piles of rock. Others venture far from home, 
and might well be classed as pelagic. Still others ascend 
rivers either to spawn (anadromous, as the salmon, shad, 
and striped bass), or for purposes of feeding, as the robalo, 
corvina, and other shore-fishes of the tropics. Some live 
among rocks alone, some in sea-weed, some on sandy shores, 
some in the surf, and some only in sheltered lagoons. In 
all seas there are fishes and other marine animals, and 
each creature haunts the places for which it is fitted. 
