so 



can be destroyed by spraying them with a solution of one-half of 

 one per cent carbolic acid. To make the carbolic acid dissolve m 

 the water put in a small amount of laundry soap. It is always 

 wise to revisit the nest the next day and destroy all the ants which 

 were away at the first application, and which will commence to 

 build a new home. If ants are troublesome around the stands 

 they may be treated in the same way. 



Cockroaches will enter weak, hives but strong hives are never 

 troubled by them. 



BEE MOTHS. 



Bee moths. are found-ou.the island, but they occur only when 

 the coloiufiSLa*e-weak. Often when caton-ies lose their queens and 

 thereTs not a sufficient number of bees to protect the comb the 

 moths enter the hive and their larvae destroys the comb. Stored 

 comb is liable to become infested if it is exposed in any way. 

 Comb not in use should be left on the hives or stored in a dry 

 room, being looked over frequently, and fumigated if necessary, 

 with carbon bisulphide. Caution should be taken in using this 

 preparation as it is very inflamable. Smoking should not be 

 permitted when carbon bisulphide is being used and all fumigat- 

 ing should be done in the day time when lights are not necessary. 



To fumigate, the boxes of frames should be piled one on top 

 of another and on the top full box of frames place half a super in 

 which put a dish containing the carbon bisulphide. The gas is 

 heavier than air and the fumes settle very rapidly and will work 

 down through all the boxes. 



Hives with Italian bees are not so often infested with the 

 bee moth as colonies of black bees. 



It is arpTarctiee" of apiarists to place a pure Italian queen in 

 hives which have a tendency to become wormy as the Italian bees 

 are more industrious and will clean up the infested frames. 



FOUL BROOD. 



Fould.brqod is the., most serious disease which bee-keepers 

 have to c^nfeniT with. Although it has not been observed in 

 Porto Rico it seems advisable' to describe the nature of the 

 cKsease-and to give a list of the channels by which it would spread, 

 if introduced. The following notes, which would apply to Porto 

 Rico, are taken from page 58, Bulletin No. 75, part V, of the 

 Bureau of Entomology, U. S. Department of Agriculture: 



"1. The nature of the dweaaes.— There are now recognized two 

 diseases, virulent and contagious in their character, which attack the 

 brood of the bee. These are known as American foul brood and Euro- 

 pean foul brood. It is definitely known that American foul brood is 

 caused by a bacterium. Bacillus lai vae, and from the symptoms and 

 behavior of European foul brood it is almost certain that the latter 

 disease is likewise caused by a micro-organism. There are other 

 disbases recognized by bee keepers, but it is not known that they are 

 infectious. 



2. Methods of spread. —It is known that both diseases mentioned 

 (European foul brood and American foul brood) are transmitted in the 

 following manner: 



