2 CHRONOLOGICAL ARRANGEMENT 



Balsamodendron agallocha of Northeastern Hindustan. A small tree called in Sanscrit " goo- 

 gula" (Lindl.), in Bengalee "googul" (Drur.) ; and its reputed product, called in Bengalee "guggul' 

 and in Hindustanee "gugal" or "muql" (D'roz.), is possibly the "vthlh" in question : —the kind of 

 "vthellion" brought by the way of Petra from India is described by Dioscorides as inferior in 

 quality, emitting less fragrance when burned as incense ; and the "indicum" kind is distinguished 

 from the Bactrian by Pliny xii. 19: B. agallocha is regarded by Royle antiq. hind. med. as the proba- 

 ble source of Indian bdellium; is termed " amyris commiphora" by Roxburgh ii. 244, is known to 

 grow in Silhet and Assam, its trunk crooked with many drooping crooked, branches, the branchlets 

 often ending in thorn-like points, and the googul is collected from incisions in the cool season (Lindl., 

 and Drur.). From transported specimens, is termed " commiphora Madagascariensis " by Jacquin 

 hort. ii. pi. 249. (See B. mukul.) 



Bahaiuodt-ndnm Africanum of Equatorial East Africa. Called in the Kinyoro language 

 "m'gazoo," at l T gogo " katatee " (Grant); and possibly included in the "vthlh" in question: — 

 observed by Grant frequent from "2° S. to 3° N." on the Nile, and affording ffdellinm, the " Wan- 

 yamuezi boil its gum, mix it with butter, and anoint their persons." The plant, received from Africa, 

 is described by Arnott. 



4271 B. C. (= 4141 + " 130 years "' of Gen. v. 3 = 4273 in Egyptian calendar years = 4493 — 

 ]/ % of a "phoenix '' or ' J of a " Great Year"), Adam. 



Fiats canca of the countries around the Persian Gulf. Called in Britainyfif, in Greece "sukea" 

 (Fraas), in Egypt and Yemen "tin" (Forsk.), in which we recognize the " tane " whose leaves were 

 sewed together for aprons — (Gen. iii. 7), mentioned besides in Numb. xiii. 23 and xx. 5, Deut. viii. 

 8, Micah iv. 4, 2 K. xx 7, and Zechariah iii. 10: clusters of the fruit are figured among offerings 

 under the Fourth dynasty at Gizeh (Leps. d. ii. pi. 10) ; figures of the tree with its peculiar leaves 

 were observed by myself under the Twelfth dynasty at Benihassan, also under the Seventeenth and 

 Eighteenth; and to the present day the tree is commonly cultivated in the gardens of Egypt (Del., 

 and Lane). Farther North, the "sukc" is mentioned by Homer, Herodotus, Aristophanes, and 

 other Greek writers ; a "ficus " was standing on the site selected for the city of Rome, and dried figs 

 carried by Helico home to Switzerland were among the novelties that brought on the First invasion 

 of the Gauls (Plin. xii. 2 and xv. 20): F. carica, belonging to a Tropical genus, does not harmonize 

 with the vegetable growth in the Mediterranean countries, but has at least become completely natu- 

 ralized. Southward from Egypt, was observed by Forskal only under cultivation in Yemen; and I 

 found it only in the cultivated state on Zanzibar. Eastward, is called "unjeer" in Persian and as 

 far as Bombay, " dumur " or " dumbar " in Bengalee (D'roz. and Lindl.), occurs "in gardens all over 

 India" (Graham), as witnessed also by myself; and is enumerated by Mason as "exotic" in Burmah. 

 By European colonists, was carried to America, where it continues under successful cultivation in 

 our Southern States. 



Saiecio Arabian of Egypt and Northern Arabia. A kind of groundsel called in Egypt "kus" 

 (Forsk.), in which we recognize the "kwtz" of the expulsion — (Gen. iii. iS), mentioned besides by 

 Isaiah xxxii., 13, Jeremiah iv. 3, and Ezekiel xxviii. 24: S. Arabicus was observed by Forskal, and 

 Delile, growing spontaneously around Cairo. From transported specimens, is described by Linnseus, 

 and Moench (Pers., and Steud.). 



Snada Itorteusis of Arabia and Egypt. A salsolaceous plant called in Egypt "tartvr" (Del.), 

 in which we recognize the "thrthr" of the expulsion — (Gen. iii. iS). and of Hosea x. 8 : S. horten- 

 sis was observed by Delile growing spontaneously around Cairo ; by Forskal p. 71, frequent there in 

 gardens, growing also among rubbish around Taxs in Yemen, but called " mullah " in both localities. 

 "S. trigyna" observed by Cavanilles iii. pi. 289 in Spain, is regarded by Schultes as probably identi- 

 cal (Steud.). 



Anabasis apliylla of the Egyptian, Syrian, and Tartarian Desert. Another salsolaceous plant 

 called in Egypt "tartir" (Forsk.), and therefore possibly the "thrthr" in question : — A. aphylla is 

 not a weed, but grows in the sands of the Desert ; was observed by Forskal p. 55 around the pyra- 

 mids, and by Delile, near Alexandria. Farther North, bySibthorp as far as Thyatira in Asia Minor ; 

 is known to grow also around Tripoli, and on the shores of the Caspi in (Buxb. cent. r. pi. iS, Pall.' 

 and Peis.). 



Second generation. September 1st, 4234, among living men. . 



The "tzan" of Genesis iv. 2 — is admitted to be \\\<tshecp (compare 1 Sam. xxy. 2): redded 

 even by Dica-arJms, as probably the first animal domestic Ued (Varro re rust, ii 1) The°sheep 

 forms one of the original hieroglyphic characters ; the breed being the remarkable one with spread- 

 ing horns ( Leps. d. ii. pi. 6). kept in flocks under the Third and Fourth dynasties; and after it 

 became extinct, the pattern of the head continuing in mythological representations and hieroglyphic 

 writing. Sheep with curled horns make their first appearance under the Twelfth dynasty at* Beni- 

 hassan. The long duration of certain breeds of sheep is shown by Dinon's mention of the' Som di 



