12 



CHRONOLOGICAL ARRANGEMENT 



tending to Greece, Barbary, and Southern France, Bory 

 and Pers. 

 Bromus rubens, L. ; Alexandria, Forsk. and Del. Extend- 

 ing to Crete and the Peloponnesus, Sibth. and Bory. 



pm-furasicnS) Del. ; Alexandria, Del. 



Madriicnsis, L. ; Robetta, Del. Extending to 



Spain and England, Pers. 

 distac/iyos, L. ; Alexandria, Forsk. and Del. Ex- 

 tending to Constantinople, the Peloponnesus, and other 

 parts of Southern Europe, Sibth. and Purs. 

 Stifa juucca, L. ; Alexandria, Del. Extending to Crete, 

 Lycia, Barbary, and middle Europe, Sibth. and Pers. 



paleacca, Willd. ; upland at Alexandria and Cairo, 



Del. Extending to Crete, the Peloponnesus, and Barbary, 

 Sibth. and Pers. 

 Avcna pumila, Desf. ; upland at Cairo, Del. Extending 

 to Barbary, Pers. 



arundiiiacca, Del- ; upland at Rosetta, Del. 



Trisctaria linearis, Forsk ; Alexandria, Forsk. ; sand hills 

 at Alexandria, Rosetta, and in the Delta, Del. Extending 

 to Syria, Labill. and Del. 

 Lag urns ovalits, L. ; Alexandria, Forsk. ; on the upland 

 there, Del. Extending to Greece, and other portions of 

 Southern Europe, Sibth. and Pers. 



Acvyptiaca, Desf. ; Del. 



Phragmiies maxima \ Arundo of Forsk. ; Cairo, and Ghobei- 

 be beyond Suez, Forsk. p. 24 ; islands in the Nile, Del. 

 '• Differing from A. phiagmites,'' Bury and Chaub. 

 Ca.'ai/nii;rosiis vulgaris, Arundo of L. ; Ghobeibe beyond 

 >uez, Forsk. Extending to Smyrna, England, and Den- 

 mark, Sibth. and Pers 

 Amutophila areiiana, Arundo of L. ; Alexandria, Del. Ex- 

 tending in maritime sand to Greece, and the Atlantic shores 

 of Europe and North America, Sibth., Pers., and others. 

 Anstida plumosa, L. ; Alexandria, and on the upland at 

 Cairo, Forsk.; Rosetta, Del. Extending to Armenia and 

 Tunis, Pers. 



Rottbellia incurvata, L. ; Alexandria, Del. Extending in 

 maritime sand to Cyprus, Zacynthus, and the Atlantic 

 shores of Europe as far as Denmark, Sibth. and Pers. 



filiformis, Roth.; Alexandria and Rosetta, Del. 



Extending to Southern Europe, Per,. 



fascicidata, Desf.; Rosetta, Del. Extending to 



Barbarv, Pers. 



Argylops Iriaristata, Willd. ; upland at Alexandria, Del. 

 Extending to Greece, perhaps a var. of Ac. ovata, Bory & 

 Chaub. Ae. ovata growing at the Dardanelles, on the 

 Creek islands, in other parts of Southern Europe, and in 

 Barbary, Forsk., Sibth., and Pers. 



Elymus gcmculatus, Del. ; in fields of barley jt Alexandria, 

 Del. 



Ilordcum maritimum, Vahl. ; Cairo, Del. Extending in 

 maritime situations to the Greek islands, and the Atlantic 

 shores of Europe as far as Denmark, Sibth. and Pers. 



Tnikitm bicorne, Forsk. ; Alexandria, Forsk. ; on the up- 

 land there, Del. 



Lilian-inn, Sm. ; Alexandria, Del. Extending in 



maritime situations to England, Pers. 



junceum, L. ; Alexandria, Del. Extending in 



maritime situations to Smyrna, Constantinople, the Greek 

 islands, .Morocco, and the Atlantic shores of Europe as 

 far as Britain, Forsk., Sibth., and Pers. 



Sorghum Halcpcnsc, Holcus of L. ; Cairo, and in Nubia, 

 Del. Extending to Syria, Smyrna, Tenedos, Constantino- 

 ple, and Mauritania, Forsk. and Pers. 



Chara vulgaris, L. ; Rosetta, Del. Extending in river 

 water to Crete, Athens, and throughout Europe as far as 

 Denmark and England, Sibth. and Pers. 



Marsilca Acgyptiaca, Del. ; ditches in the Delta, and moist 

 situations near Cairo, Del. 



Adiaidum capillus-vcruris, L. ; Cairo, Forsk. ; Alexandria, 

 Del. Extending to Kurma in Yemen, and among moist 

 rocks throughout Greece, Forsk. and Sibth. 



The river-fiat along the Nile was originally a pastoral tract, at one time in all probability abound- 

 ing in name. Frequented at first by the few species of birds and quadrupeds that have their home in 

 the Desert, the valley soon became a route of migration among the animal tribes themselves : enabling 

 antelopes, the lion, hyaena, genette (viverra), and ichneumon to cross the wide expanse of Desert; 

 together with reptiles as the chameleon and monitor, and even some Tropical birds : affording at 

 the same time ingress into the African continent to Northern migratory birds, and some Northern 

 quadrupeds. 



Tenth generation. May ist, 3</>7, among living men. 



Man may have entered Egypt in the hunter state, subsisting on fish and game ; though I am not 

 aware of any evidence of the fact. The absence from Egyptian soil of the rude stone relics which in 

 other countries mark an initial period of barbarism is very striking. 



Tradition of the existence somewhere of such a state of society seems to have been preserved 

 among the Egyptians, — the hieroglyphic character of the stone mize occurring on the 

 Gliddon mummy-case, while the usual representations clearly belong to the metallic (ti^^s — ■ 

 adze. Another hieroglyphic character traceable as far back at least as the Fifth dynasty ' 



i(Leps. d. ii. pi. 44 and 64, Buns, and Birch 617) somewhat resembles the smooth stone hatchets 

 called celts of the Stone period in Europe; is perhaps the "arvelos" for dividing leather, 

 mentioned by Nicander ther. 423. 



If Egypt was colonized by shepherds, men in the pastoral state, they probably resembled the 

 Arabs of the Sinai peninsula above mentioned; — but who already under the Third dynasty are 

 figured as physically distinct from and enemies of the Egyptians. 

 3946 II. C. ( — 3876 -f- " 70 years " of Gen. v. T2), Cainan. 



A triplex lialimus of the seashore of Europe and the Mediterranean countries, and salines as far 

 as Siberia. The sea orach is called in Germany " meldenstrauch," in Greece " almuria " (Fraas). in 

 Egypt "gataf" (Del.), in Egyptian " arim " (transl. Sept. Job xxx. 4) or " shleh " (Kirch.), " slilo " 

 meaning hedge (transl. Sept. Isai. v. 2 and Hos, ii. 6) ; and is one of the few indigenous plants of 

 Egypt that affords sustenance to man :— the " kathaf el-bahri " is mentioned by Ebn Uaitar; and 

 A. halimus was observed by Delile from Cairo to the shore of the Mediterranean. Farther North 

 the " alimon " is identified in Syn. Diosc. with the " ermon vasis " or " saphis " or " osirithos 



