OF ACCOMPANYING ANIMALS AND PLANTS. 1 5 



ing ; in Arabic " Allah " (the stone worshipped by the Arabians in the time of Strabo ?) ; in Greek 

 "las " or "laos " stone, meaning also people. The character occurs from the Fourth to the Twenty- 

 sixth dynasty (3d pyram. Vyse, and Buns, and Birch). 

 "anah" or "anh" to live; "ang" or " anak " or "anok" I; — in Bactrian "anhu"to live 

 T (Buns, and Birch v. p. 74S). The character occurs on the Gliddon mummy-case and from the 

 Third dynasty to the end of hieroglyphic writing (Leps. d. ii. pi. 2, and k. pi. 7 to 67). 

 €> ® "allou" "n5uval" pupil of the eye; "alou" boy, also girl; "al6oui " children ; " athrSu " 

 or "hatrSSu" twins ; "arSj" or "arej " or "areej " limit, end. — The character occurs under the . . . . 

 dynasty (Champ, diet. 70 and 71, and Buns, and Birch). 



a, in Greek Si, the sound of wailing ; in Egyptian " ouSi ! ,'' in Greek " ouai ! ," in Latin " vae ! " 

 "nSi" appointed time; "SSt" pregnant; "SiS" therefore; "neh" to shake off, "nSh"to 

 save (i.e. deliverance), "nSh" wailing; "touSit" or "toSit" lamentation, to bewail; — in 

 Hebrew " nSyS " lamentation. The character occurs from the Fourth dynasty to the Roman conquest 

 (Leps. d. ii. pi. 98, and k. pi. 56). 



ibis-feather walking; "ouSi" " Si " I am; "Si" to labour; "Si" to come; " ouSi " divorce, 

 distance. — This and the simple ibis-feather are painted green on the Gliddon mummy-case ; to 

 all appearance conventionally, being marked with the usual oblique parallel lines. The walking 

 feather occurs also under the Third dynasty ; and continues in use under Roman dominion (Leps. 

 d. ii. pi. to iv. pi. 87, and k. pi. 6 to 29). 



-~c2><2>- " vSi " to lif t the eyes; "Sis" look !, behold ! ; "ouSin" light. — The character occurs 

 from the Tenth to the Eighteenth dynasty (Leps. d. ii. pi. 147, and iii. pi. 62). 



, -* (snake with tail in mouth, signifying world ; also universal king, as the air that per- 



vades the world; snake called by the Egyptians "mSisi," Horap. i. 2, 56 and 61; "misi" 

 snake, Kirch.) ; " mSsio " midwife; "misi" or " mSs " born; "mSst" or " mSstS " to hate; " tshou- 

 Sit" or " tshSuSit " futile; "ouSSi" or " ouSi " one, everyone ; "SiSr" to stand over or before; 

 "aer "air, — in Greek "aer," in Latin " aer," in English " air." The character occurs from the 

 Third to the Eighteenth dynasty (Leps. d. ii. pi. 5. no, and k. pi. 15 to 29). 



"Sine" or "Sini" likeness, imitator; — in Greek "Sithos" image, fashion or form. The 

 character occurs from the Third to the Twenty-ninth dynasty (Leps. d. ii. pi. 6, and k. pi. 

 5 to 49). 



(pelican "pSISkana" signifying love to the extreme of folly ; for in striving to beat out 

 fire around its nest, the bird sets its wings on fire and is thus captured, Horap. i. 51) ; 

 "ouSinS" to be moved, stirred up; " mSi " or " mai " love; " mS " or " mei " to love; 

 "ouSitS" to pine away, be consumed. — The character occurs as early as the Fifth 

 dynasty (Leps. d. ii. pi. 63). 



The pelican, Pelicanus onocrotalus, is known to be frequent in Egypt (Clot-Bey ii. 89) : and far- 

 ther South near the mouth of the Red Sea, flocks were observed by myself from Mocha. 



v, the act of breathing, the pervading meaning saved. 

 n " vSt " or " vet " rib; — in Greek the letter "veta" ; in Latin "vita" life; in Hebrew " Svl " 

 [I breath, " hvS " life, Eve the mother of all living (Gen. iii. 20); in Greek "vios" li'e, in French 

 \ " vie," in English " alive." The character occurs from the Third dynasty to the Fifth (Leps. d. 

 ii. pi. 3 and 29). 



(falcon or sparrowhawk, signifying soul; its Egyptian name " vai-eth " literally meaning 

 soul within the heart," Horap. i. 7); "vait" or " vais " or " vej " or " vesh " hawk; 

 vSrrS " or " vSri " new, a youth; "vStsh" or "vetsh" or "vStsh" naked; "valhet" 

 simple, innocent, pure. — The character occurs from the Third dynasty to the end of hieroglyphic 

 writing (Leps. k. pi 5 to 63). The character of the falcon resting on its perch, occurs on the Gliddon 

 mummy-case. 



Horapollo's further remark, That the falcon instead of water drinks blood, by which also the 

 soul is nourished, seems to imply knowledge of the real function of the heart : that at the time when 

 writing was invented, sdVne idea of the continual supply or circulation of the blood already prevailed, 

 first shoot of the date-palm: " vai " (or "vais" Chaeremon in Porphyr. abst. iv. 7) palm-leaf, 

 (palm signifying year, and its leaf month, Horap. i. 3 and 4), " avot " or " Svat " or "Svef'or 

 "Svot" or "Sv6t" month. The selection for chronological purposes is stated by Horapollo to be 

 owing to the date-palm putting forth a leaf with every lunation, or twelve annually: — to the 

 present day in Egypt (according to Clot-Bey), the lowest ring of leaves is cut annually, leaving cica- 

 trices by which the age can be readily ascertained ; some trees reaching several centuries. The source 

 also of remarkable etymological interferences connected with the plant in various languages : as, 

 . . . . , in Greek and Latin "phoinix" or "phoenix," in French " datte " and "date," in English 

 "date" and "date"; also in Greek, "vaion" palm-leaf, a little while, "apo vaies" from infancy. 

 The character of the palm-shoot occurs from the Fourth dynasty to the end of hieroglyphic writing 



