OF ACCOMPANYING ANIMALS AND PLANTS. 



17 



qpy "kivg" or "SkivS" paps; "kev" double; — in Hebrew "hv" bosom. The character 

 occurs under the ... . dynasty (Champol. gram., and Rosselin. cxlii. 1) : and may be further 

 traced in the form B of the Greek letter veta. 



(three water-jars signifying rising of the Nile, Horap. i. 21) ; " valkou " water-jar; " veVi " 

 or "veuvi" to pour forth; " mv8vi " cisterns; — in Arabic "beybe" lake, cisterns. The 

 character occurs from the Third dynasty to the Twenty-first (Leps. d. ii. pi. 3, and k. pi. 7 to 

 43). The character of four water-jars occurs from the Fourth dynasty to the Fifteenth (Leps. d. pi. 

 97, and k. pi. 7 to 15). 



\— -j " vairi " or " vir " basket, pannier ; " Stph6 " burden. — The character occurs from the Third 

 dynasty to the end of hieroglyphic writing (Leps. d. ii. pi. 7, and k. pi. 14 to 67). 



portable furnace ? ; (burning censer signifying Egypt together with its immoderate heat and 

 continual animal productiveness and procreation, Horap. i. 22) ; " vgrvgr " or " v£rvr " 

 or " vrvr " hot, to boil or effervesce ; — in Latin " fervor " boiling, fervour, zeal. The character 

 occurs from the Third dynasty to the end of hieroglyphic writing (Leps. d. ii. pi. 3, iii. pi. 147, and k. 

 pi. 35 to 67). 



The art of making pottery, known therefore when writing was invented ; also various kinds of 

 earthenware vases and implements in use, — as appears from figures on the Gliddon mummy-case, and 

 on monuments under the Third and Fourth dynasties. The details of the manufacture are fully 

 represented under the Twelfth dynasty at Benihassan. 



(lioness signifying a woman with but one child, Horap. ii. 78); "lavai" or "lavoi" 

 lioness; "livi" or 'Tiv6 " fury, madness, to be mad against; " livi " thirst, to desire; 

 "16vleV" love, to love; "leVe" " or "lovi " or "lovS" to be insane ; — in Hebrew "lvya " 

 lioness ; in English "love." The character occurs under the . . . dynasty (Champ, diet. 114). 

 (-*. ("hSlithona," swallow or its burrow, signifying all the wealth of the parents left to the children, 

 — Horap. ii. 29) ; " vSni " or " venS " or " veni " swallow ; " vev " burrow, cave ; " ve " nest, tomb ; 

 " valjS" or " v£lj8 " or "v61j " or "vljS" earthen ware; " vo " or "v6" wood; "vStsh" or "vetsh" 

 or "v6tsh" to be stript ; "vol" or "Svol" out; "vatshi" corpse; "val" or "vol" end; — in 

 Hebrew "bn," in Arabic "ben" son, in Latin "bona" estate. The character occurs as early as the 

 Fourth dynasty (Leps. d. ii. pi. 25). 



The bank-swallow, Hirundo riparia, observed by myself as far up the Nile as the Thebaid : and 

 near Manfalout " Feb. 7th," numbers were " scooping out their holes, all in a line, about a foot below 

 the " even summit of the river-bank; and here at least in Nile mud. 



b, in Greek mp, inherently meaning beggar. The exclamation bah! (There is perhaps no, evi- 

 dence of the use b in the Egyptian language ; and the inherent meaning of p, will be found strongly 

 analogous.) 



"va£mpe" or "vampS" goat; "j6p" or "j6v" beggar. — Compare the Persian "bg" food 

 ("vSkos " in Herodotus ii. 2), the Hebrew "by " implore, the Greek "pai " child, and English "boy." 

 The hieroglyphic character occurs under the Seventeenth dynasty (Leps. d. iii. pi. 15, and Buns, 

 and Birch). 



Other hieroglyphic characters furnish evidence, that the goat, Capra hircus, was already do- 

 mesticated when writing was invented : — a historic reference to the goat under the Second dynasty, 

 has been preserved : as distinct from the Capricorn, the goat is figured in herds under the Fourth 

 dynasty (Leps. d. ii. pi. 9), the horns more or less diverging, but presenting no peculiarity of 

 breed ; as in all the figures of this and later times examined by myself on the monuments. A 

 variety with spreading horns, is however given by Bunsen and Birch as a hieroglyphic character. 

 The goat is mentioned in the history of Isaac (Gen. xxvii. 9 to 16) ; and by ancient writers 

 generally. In Switzerland during the Stone period, the inhabitants kept goats ; as appears 

 from debris of the earliest villages (Heer, in Troyon). Eastward in Hindustan, the goat is 

 mentioned in the Sama Veda (Stevenson) ; also in the institutes of Menu (Braminical version) ; 

 but I looked in vain for figures in the cave-temples. By European colonists, the goat was carried to 

 America, and to the islands of the Pacific ; and at the time of my visit, had run wild on the Hawaiian, 

 Taheitian, and Feejeean Groups, and had been recently introduced into the Samoan. 

 g hard or gh, its pervading meaning anger. 

 r*?- (wasp suspended in the air, signifying bloodshed, Horap. ii. 23); "gate'v" or "got£v" 

 fi»&} slaughter, to be slain ; " ago " wherefore ? ; " agem" or " agom " or " ag5m " eagle ; "gfitgSt " 

 or "getget " or "gotgSt " to inspect, investigate, scrutinize. — The character is placed over a king's 

 oval from at least the Third dynasty, and continues over one of the two ovals to perhaps the end of 

 hieroglyphic writing (Leps. k. pi. 5 to 66). 



~ (bee signifying a people obedient to their king, Horap. i. 59) ; "ga" a people, nation ; 



f =£ " agori " or " agori " asp or cobra ; " egrei " beneath, against; "ga" under; " garat " under 



■* me ; "garof " against him, under him; " garon " against us, with us ; "g£n" or " goun " or 



