OF ACCOMPANYING ANIMALS AND PLANTS. 



^3 



1 " motngs " or " module's " cessation, rest, ease ; " gmtan " or " gmton " cessation, repose ; 



" motn " or " motgn " or " motgn " tranquil, more easy, to be quiet ; " gthmotgn " level, 



straight; "gat" horizon, region from which the winds blow; " gsthgn " spacious ; " gski " interval, 



space between. — The character occurs from the Third dynasty to the end of hieroglyphic writing 



(Leps. d. ii. pi. 3, and k. pi. 5 to 67). 



(" a 'g a " goat or Capricorn, signifying superior excellence in hearing, on account of breathing 

 through its ears and nostrils, Horap. ii. 64 ; " ghgon " goat, Edw.) ; " satem " or " s6tgm " or 

 ' sgtgm " or " sgtm " hearing, to hear, to obey ; — " aix " in Greek signifying both goat and' the 

 constellation Capricorn. The character occurs under the ... . dynasty (Champ, diet. 126). 



From some mountainous district, probably the Sinai peninsula, capricorus were brought to 

 Egypt as early as the invention of writing ; — and were kept in at least a semidomesticated state, one 

 being a regular attendant on the herds of cattle figured under the Third dynasty (Leps. d. ii. pi. 6) ; 

 also under the Fourth and Fifth (as observed by myself), and down to the Twelfth. In Switzerland 

 during the Stone period, the Capra ibex or Capricorn descended occasionally or in winter to the base 

 of the mountains, and was hunted with other game, as appears from debris of the earliest villages 

 (Riitimeyer, and Heer, in Troyon p. 272 and 442). The constellation " capricornus " is mentioned 

 by Horace ; and the " ibices " of " the Alps," by Pliny viii. 79. 



-^1^^^^ " mghg " or " mShi " wing ; " rgttgnh " to unfold the wings ; " gnkots " 



snares, ambush ; " vgrsglia " goatsucker lying in wait for sleeping boys, 

 mother of boys (mother stealthily visiting her sleeping babe) ; " jioug " or " jioui " stealth, stealthy ; 

 — The character occurs from the Eighteenth dynasty to the end of hieroglyphic writing (Leps. d. iii. 

 pi. 68, and cornices of temples in Egypt). 



f, puffing or forcible breathing, its pervading meaning foul. The interjection fie ! . 



("angmgnes" flower, signifying malady, Horap. ii. 7); "phie" bud; "phgrigou" or "phrioou" 



beautiful, splendid ; " pheri " or " pheri " or " phiri " or " phori " splendour, brilliant, to bloom ; 

 " gfgphiri " it will bloom ; " iavi " or " tshavg " or " tshaphg " or " tshafg " or " jgvis " malady ; — in 

 English, the phrase " Under the rose a serpent." The character occurs from the Third dynasty to 

 the Twentieth (Leps. d. ii. pi. 3, and k. pi. 14 to 41). A second form 4F( of perhaps the same char- 

 acter, occurs in the Book of the Dead, and from the Twelfth dynasty ^m| to the Roman conquest 

 (Leps. d. ii. pi. 12T, iii. pi. 140, and k. pi. 14 to 59). '' 



Papaver hybridum of the East Mediterranean countries. A kind of poppy called in Greece 

 " paparouna '' (Fraas), in Egypt " aub el num '' (Forsk.), but in. Coptic " ngman " (Kirch.), and pos- 

 sibly the "angmgnes" in question: — P. hybridum was observed by Forskal, and Delile, at Alexan- 

 dria on the Mediterranean border. Farther North, the •' mekfin trite agrifitgra " having according 

 to Dioscorides more powerful medicinal properties and an oblong capsule, is referred here by Fraas : 

 P. hybridum, regarded by Bieberstein as wild in the Crimea, by Grisebach as wild along the Propon- 

 tis and ./Egean sea, and by Reuter on Zante (A. Dec), was observed by Sibthorp, Chaubard, and 

 Fraas, a weed only in cultivated ground throughout Greece. Westward, is described by Gerarde, 

 and Morison ii. pi. 14 ; is termed " p. erraticum capite oblongo hispido " by Tournefort inst. 238 ; and 

 is known to occur in Italy (Lenz), and in grain-fields throughout middle Europe as far as Britain 

 (Engl. hot. pi. 43, and Pers.). 



Adonis cestivalis of the Mediterranean countries. Called in France "goutte de sang" (Fee), in 

 Greece "agrio paparouna" together with Anemone stellata (Sibth.), and possibly the " angmgnes " 

 in question : — the "agrias angmgnes" being confounded according to Dioscorides ii. 207 wilh 

 "arCTgmgnen" called " gupatorion," and the "arggmgne" is identified in Syn. Diosc. with " an- 

 thgmis," and in the illustrated Vienna manuscript with A. aestivalis (Sibth.) : the last-named plant 

 was observed by Sibthorp, and Bory, frequent in fallow ground in Greece ; and by Forskal, and 

 Delile, on the Mediterranean border of Egypt. Westward, is termed "ranunculus arvensis foliis 

 chamaemeli flore phceniceo" by Tournefort inst. 291, and is known to occur in fallow ground as Lir 

 as middle Europe (Jacq. austr. pi. 354, and Pers.;. see A. autumnalis). 



Adonis dentata of Egypt. A yellow-flowered species — observed by Delile in grain-fields 

 around Alexandria. In seeming correspondence with the conventional yellow colour of hospital 

 flags. 



~^ = ^ ==== -^s (serpent signifying mouth, for it avails by the mouth only, Horap. i. 43) ; " hof " asp 

 or viper, serpent; " hfg n kauri " deaf serpent; '•phfigi" valid; "phaggr" magician; " phagri " 

 witchcrafts, charmer; "phasri " poisoner ; " phanikots " subtle contriver, double-dealer; '-fgj" or 

 " fej " or " fgsh " or " fosh " fraud, to defraud, circumvent ; " fgji " to defraud, be defrauded ; " krof " 

 deceit; "phi "a kiss; "phai g phai " together; " phai " here, this ; " phoou " to day ; "phegt" or 

 "phe" who; " phe " or "nthof" he; "phgtgn" you; " phgk " yours; " ph6i " mine; "pholh" a 

 wound; — in Hebrew "aphog" viper; " phdn " valid, firm, a viper; the letter "pha" or " phg " or 

 "phy" signifying mouth : in Greek, the corresponding letter " phi." The character occurs on the 



