OF ACCOMPANYING ANIMALS AND PLANTS. 25 



"phanitsh£6" delirium, to be out of one's wits. — The character occurs in the pyramid at Dashour, 

 under the Twelfth dynasty (Vyse iii., and Leps. k. pi. 42). 



u_ (mouse signifying abolishing, also criticism ; for among different kinds of bread it selects 

 ^''the best, Horap. i. 47) ; "pin " or "pein " or " phin " mouse; " pherj " or " phorj " or " phorj " 

 separation, to separate, " ou-ph&rj Svol " to distinguish; " phag " or •' ph6g" or " phah " to rend in 

 pieces; " phelje " or"ph£lji" or " phblji " rags; "phSnj" or " phonj " or "ph6nj" subversion, to 

 overthrow ; " phot " to obliterate ; " 6u6sf " abrogation ; •' ouojf " or " ouojp " to destroy, cut off ; — 

 in English "fine, refinement." — The character occurs under the Tenth dynasty (Leps. d. ii. pi. 150). 

 A second form C^/ occurs from the Nineteenth dynasty to the Roman conquest (Leps. d. iii. pi. 140 

 and 199 to iv. pi. 47.) 



The mouse, Mus musculus, known therefore in Egypt at the time of the invention of writing : — - 

 is figured entire in an Egyptian caricature, probably later than the Twentieth dynasty ; is mentioned 

 in the Batrachomyomachia, by Herodotus ; and among Roman writers, by Plautus. From Europe, 

 was unintentionally introduced into America ; and afterwards into the Hawaiian, and other fre- 

 quented islands of the Pacific. 



m (fly signifying impudence, for when continually driven away, it nevertheless returns, Horap. i. 

 £C> 48); "af-nouhor" biting fly; "6rf" to avoid; " 6rf £goun" to circle around; "attshphit" or 

 " atval " impudent ; " mntatval " impudence ; " tshop " effrontery ; " shafe " confidence ; — in He- 

 brew " orv " biting fly, " orv " Arabia. — The character- occurs under the .... dynasty (Champ, 

 diet. 85). 



The biting fly, stomoxys, known therefore in Egypt at the time of the invention of writing : — 

 the "orv" was one of the plagues induced by Moses in Egypt (Ex. viii. 16, " kunomuia " 21 and 22 

 of Sept. translation) ; is mentioned also in Psalm lxxviii. 45 and cv. 31. The "kunomuia" is men- 

 tioned by Homer il. xxi. 394, Philo vit. Mos. i. p. 401, Tertullian adv. Marcion. i. 14, and Athenaeus 

 iii. 37 and iv. 74; and the "cynomyia," by Pliny. By European colonists, the biting fly was un- 

 intentionally introduced into North America, where it has become frequent in houses : but I did not 

 meet with it on the islands of the Pacific. 



z>c*=<: (ant signifying knowledge, because man cannot hide away anything from it, and in all its 

 wanderings it never' loses the way home, Horap. i. 49) ; " jafjif " or " japjip " or " shajiv " or 

 '•sfiajif" ant: "priori" to anticipate, bring about. — Foresight was attributed to the ant in the 

 days of Solomon prov. vi. 6 to 8 ; and Pliny xi. 36 adds, that ants alone of all animals except man, 

 bury their dead. The character occurs in the Book of the Dead, also under the . . dynasty 

 (pap. Burt. 120, and tabl. Belm. 15. 571). 



The species referred to by Horapollo, is clearly the house ant, Formica . ; known there- 

 fore in Egypt at the time of the invention of writing. — By European colonists, this small trouble- 

 some inse°ct was carried to North America, where it has become frequent. I did not meet with it 

 on the islands of the Pacific. 



"vi" or "fi" to tolerate; " f ai " or " fei " to bear; " fari " to burden; " pheh " ripe; 

 " phoh " end ; — in Greek "pherS," in Latin " fero," to bear. The character occurs from 'the 

 Fourth dynasty to the Ptolemies (Leps. d. ii. pi. 19 and 23, and Rosetta stone), 

 w, in Greek 6u, its pervading meaning awry, wrong. The exclamation whew ! 

 V (oryx signifying uncleanness, because it bellows indignantly at the rising moon and 



^»S\ sun, and pollutes water-holes in the Desert, Horap. i. 46) ; " oua " blasphemy ; " ouem " 

 threatening countenance; " ouetsh " or " ouStsh " or " ouatsh " will, to will; " hoou " wicked; 



— in English "war." The character occurs under the . . dynasty (Champ, diet. 126). 



The oryx, a large African antelope, well known if not already domesticated in Egypt at the time 

 of the invention of writing ; — is figured under the Third dynasty (Leps. d. ii. pi. 3) ; and under the 

 Fourth and Fifth dynasties, as appears from monuments examined by myself, was kept in herds, 

 like other cattle. Horapollo also speaks of the oryx being used for riding or sitting upon by the 



" ancient kings." _ 



<*V (wolf and stone, signifying consternation, Horap. ii. 70) ; " ourtshg or " ouSrtshi watch 



>r54 nio-ht-watch; "6u6nh" apparition, vision; "6u6nh" or "ouonh" or "ouanh" to be manifest; 



» ou*h " to" be revealed ; " 5u6ntsh » or " 6ntsh " wolf ; " outshsne " or " outshshnS " suddenly ; 



"ouah" to invade, make irruption ; " oorj " earnest; " ouoshS » or " 6uji " or " 6ji " cheek, unjust; 



— in English "wolf" and "wan" and "watch." The character occurs under the . . . dynasty 



(Champ, gram. 72). , 



The wolf, Canis lupus, known therefore in Egypt at the time of the invention of writing : - to 

 the present day (according to Clot-Bey) the " dyb " or wolf occurs there differing however somewhat 

 from the Northern kind. The " zab " of Genesis xlix, 27, Isaiah xi. 6 and lxv. 25 Jeremiah v. 6 and 

 Zephaniah iii 3 is clearly the wolf. The wolf was well known in Switzerland during the Stone 

 period, as appears from debris of the earliest villages (Rutimeyer, in Troyon p. 272 and 44?) I the 



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