OF ACCOMPANYING ANIMALS AND PLANTS. 41 



("pelekana" signifying "anoe" and "aphrona" imbecile, silly, Horap. i. 51) ; "efsh&v" 



W±a-* or "eljov" or "eljov" heron, (" laupo " white bird, ms. Par.); "16f" to become insipid; 

 "IStes" idiot; "heloli" silly; "shol" lie, false ; "la" slander, slanderous ; "losh" or " k61p " or 

 "kolp" or "shel" or "sh61" steal; — in Hebrew "fiwlle" foolishness; in English "folly." The 

 character occurs as early as the .... dynasty (Champ, diet. 162). A suffering sea-bird was pointed 

 out to me by a Mocha Arab as having " swallowed too large a fish." 



The small white heron, Ardea . . . , frequent in Egypt, was observed by myself to differ from 

 the usual habits of its tribe in walking about picking up substances at a distance from the river-brink. 

 JTJ " laou " or " lavo " ship's sail ; " les " extremity. — The character occurs from the Fourth 



J dynasty to the Twenty-sixth (Leps. d. ii. pi. 22 and iii. pi, 260). A second form occurs in the 

 Book of the Dead, also under the Twelfth dynasty (Leps. d. ii. pi. 126). 

 m, its pervading meaning reform. 



11 11 "makro" or "meran" bath-tub, bathing place, fish-pool; " moume " or "moumi" 



fountain or well; " mau " or " m&ou " or " mou " or "m5ou" water; "niton" or 

 "emton" or "emtan" quiet; " emai " innocent; — in Hebrew "my" water, the thirteenth 

 letter " mym " waters; in Abyssinian the letter " mai " water; in Greek the letter "mu." The 

 character occurs from the Third dynasty to the end of hieroglyphic writing (Leps. d. ii. pi. 3, and 

 k. pi. 23 to 66). 

 (2s£ZS "lemen" or "lumen" likeness, image ; "mtho" face; " me " or "meei" or "thmei" 



truth; "mne" or "mau" or " emau " there; — in Hebrew " amd " truth ; in English, the 



phrase "truth in the bottom of a well." The character occurs under the . . . dynasty, and con- 

 tinues in use until the end of hieroglyphic writing (Champ mon. iii. pi. 270, and Leps. k. pi. 66). 

 A second form ( a/w^ occurs under the Twenty-second dynasty (Leps. k. pi. 44, 45, and Champ, 

 diet. 269). 



Q " mSttshai " sunrise: "mSoui" or " moufi " splendour, effulgence; "men" or " mont " to 



f]\ continue; "gfmen" always; "men-evol" or " moun-evol " eternal. — The character occurs 

 from the Eighteenth dynasty _ to the end of hieroglyphic writing (Leps. d. iii. pi. 73, and k. pi. 

 53 to 60). A second form ||| occurs under the . dynasty, and continues in use under the 



Ptolemies (Champ, gram. 1=1 377, and Leps. k. pi. 53 to 62). 



_ (mole "aspalaka" signifying a blind man, the animal having no eyes, Horap. ii. 59); 



^- ' "amilifin" mole; "mpa" or " fimpa " or " mpatfi " before. — The character occurs from the 

 Third dynasty to the Ptolemies (Leps. d. ii. pi. 3, 25, and k. pi. 23 to 57). A reverse or receding 

 form — £^ occurs under the Fifth dynasty (Leps. d. ii. pi. 5.S). 



A hand-plough or hoe ; " fime " plough ; " mfitsh " or " matsh " to touch, strike ; " firm " or 

 " fiimi " or " fiimfi " or " imi " intellect, to understand, perceive; "rem" perceiving. — The 

 character occurs from the Third dynasty and the Book of the Dead to the end of hieroglyphic 

 writing (Leps. d. ii. pi. 3, and k. pi. 7 to 66). 



f" firman " pomegranate; " firme " or " ermeie " or " £rni6oui " or " rmfiie " or " rmfiioue " 

 tears ; " rimS " or " rimi " or " limi " mourning ; " rSmfi " or " r6mi " or "16mi " a man. — The 

 character occurs as early at least as the . . . dynasty (Champ, diet. 216). A second form -ffi 

 occurs under the -<^XJ^p Eighteenth dynasty (Champ, gram. 3S9 and diet. 71, Leps. d. iii. pi. 79). 

 A third form M occurs under the Nineteenth dynasty (Leps. d- iii- pi. 136). 



Punica granatum of the Southern border of the Caspian. Called in Britain pomegranate, in 

 France " grenade " (Nugent), in Germany " gramt " (Grieb), in Italy '■ granato " (Lenz), in Greece 

 " roa " or " rothia" (Sibth.), in Egypt and Yemen '• rumman " (Forsk.) and cultivated at the time of 

 the invention of writing : — the fruit is figured under the Fourth or Fifth dynasty (pointed out to me 

 at Gizeh by Mr. Bonomi) ; the tree with fruit and foliage, under the Seventeenth (Rosellin. ii. pi. 

 68) : the " rrown " was longed for by the Israelites in the Desert (Numb. xx. 5), is mentioned also in 

 Canticles iv. 3 ; and P. granatum was observed in the gardens of Egypt by Forskal, and Delile. 

 Farther North, the " roa " or " roia " is mentioned by Homer od. vii. 115, Theophrastus, and Diosco- 

 rides ; the " granatum " or " malum punicum," the best growing around Carthage, by Columella, and 

 Pliny xiv. 19; P. granatum is termed "p. sylvestris " by Tournefort inst. 636; was observed by 

 Sibthorp, Chaubard, and Fraas, frequent both cultivated and seemingly wild from the Peloponnesus 

 throughout the Greek islands : is known to occur also under cultivation and seemingly wild in Italy, 

 Algeria, and throughout Southern Europe (Munby, A. Dec, and Lenz). Eastward from Greece, is 

 mentioned in the Zendavesta (Reynier econ. arab. p 474), is called in Turkish " nar " (Forsk.), in 

 Persian and Hindustanee " anar " (Ainsl., and D'roz.), and according to Burnes trav. ii. 126 grows in 

 whole woods in Mazenderan ; was observed by Bunge p. 28 under cultivation in Northern China ; by 

 Kaempfer, and Thunberg, in Japan also, and called " dsjakurgo " or usually " sakuro." Southward 

 and Eastward from Egypt, is known in Abyssinia (A. Rich.) : was observed by myself under culti- 

 vation on Zanzibar, in Yemen by Forskal, but the best or only good pomegranates I have met with 



6 



