46 CHRONOLOGICAL ARRANGEMENT 



9 Ij-i " jaks " to border or fringe ; " jgkas " or " j£kggs " so that ; " xelsol " or " sels61 " to orna- 



9 merit, adorn ; "selsol" or "sSlsol" or " sglsSl " to be comforted ; "ouxas " consolation. — The 



v first character occurs in the Book of the Dead xxxvi. 99. 11. The second character occurs under 



the . . . dynasty (Champ, diet. 18). 



<Sp=— "xour"ring; " korks " ring, chain ; "askis " fetter ; " xal6s " timid ; " thax " or " thoks " 

 or " thoux " to pierce, fix firmly in. — The character occurs as early as the Fifth dynasty (Leps. 



d. ii. pi. 66 and 79). 



/"— < "xome" or "xone" dish, platter; " xiraks " barley-gruel; " t£ks '' to cook, add into; 

 (Ssj— s " tshlox " a spit or pole ; '• lix " secret place. — The character occurs from the Third dynasty 

 to the Ptolemies (Leps. d. ii. pi. 3, and k. pi. 7 to 56). A second form f4& occurs under the 

 Twelfth dynasty (pyramid at Dashour, Vyse iii.). JiBr 



o, its pervading meaning open ; the exclamation o ! or oh ! , uttered on enlightenment. 



(^ " soouhS " or " soouhi " egg, " soouhg " probation ; " 66 " or " 66s " to conceive ; " 6 " or " o " 

 or " ui " to be, " do " or " doi " I am ; " 6nh " or " 6nah " or " onh " or " ong " to live ; " orj " inclosed ; 

 "6u6h" or "6u66h" to cover, dwell; "onh" habitation; " orf " or "orv " or " 6r£v " or "6re> " 

 to guard; "6sa" contempt; " ovtsh " or " optsh " to neglect, contemn; " otp " seclusion; — in 

 Greek " 66n," in Latin "ovum," egg. The character occurs from the Seventeenth dynasty to the end 

 of hieroglyphic writing (Leps. d. iii. pi. 25, and k. pi. 25 to 67). 



2 "6u6tsh "' interval of time or space ; " hro " or " kro " beach, shore; " ouostn " or " 6u6tshs " 

 Jg breadth, to dilate; "ph6ji" or "ph6g" or "pooh" or " 6u6tsh " fissure, to burst, be cloven; 

 " ou6t£n " or " ouotvg " hole ; " 6u6t " or " 6u6tan " or " 5uot£n " to perforate, go through ; " ontsh " 

 to make an end, finish ; " 0116 " to evacuate. — The character occurs under the Eighteenth dynasty 

 (sarcoph. of king Her, Champ, diet. 449, tomb Brit, raus., Buns, and Birch). 



•^s (hare "lag66n " signifying " anoixin " act of opening; for the animal has its eyes always 



tS^C;, open. Horap. i. 26) ; " ouon " or " 6u6n " to open, " 6u6n " act of opening. — The character 

 occurs from the Third dynast)- to the end of hieroglyphic writing (Leps. d. ii. pi. 3 , and k. pi. 5 to 62). 

 The hare, Lepus timidus, is remarkable among small defenceless quadrupeds for avoiding con- 

 cealment ; passing its whole life on the open plain. Is enumerated by Clot-Bey as called " arneb " 

 in Egypt, and differing "by the colour of its fur and length of its ears and hind feet" from the hare 

 of Europe. 



^r^ (eaglet signifying roundish " kukloethon '' and producing males, Horap. ii. 2) ; " s66uhi " 

 y /5 4 crown of the head ; " oik " gibbous or convex, " 61k " to be incurved, bowed down ; " ouoj " 

 whole, safe; "6u6tsht" incurving, adoration, to adore; " 6tsh " to vow, invoke, promise; "ouotsh" 

 or " 6tsh " voluntary ; " orf " religious ; " j6 " hymn or song, " j6 " to pipe or sing. — The character 

 occurs under the Fourth dynasty, also in the Book of the Dead, and continues in use under the 

 Twenty-ninth (Leps. d. ii. pi. 28, and k. pi. 29 to 50). 



(-. (the sun called " 6r6s " by the Egyptians, because it rules the hours, Horap. i. 17) ; "rS" or 

 "re "sun; " ounoouS " or " 5un66uS " hours ; " tooui " in the morning ; "6u6£in " light ; "h65u" 

 day ; " ho " or " tho " aspect ; " 6 ! " o ! or oh ! ; — in Hebrew " awr " light, to illuminate, shine ; in 

 Greek "6 ! ", in Latin " oh ! ", in English o ! or oh ! . The character occurs from the Fourth dynasty 

 to the end of hieroglyphic writing (Leps. k. pi. 5 to 66) : is also an ancient if not the original form 

 of the sixteenth Phoenician and Hebrew letter " iyn," the Greek "6-mikron," and the Latin and 

 Western 0. 



" onh " demonstration ; " 5u5nh " to shine, " 6u6nh " to be made manifest. — The char- 

 " *~* acter occurs under the Third dynasty (Leps. d. ii. pi. 5). 



"ou6t" like as, the same, " 6u6t " crude, uncooked ; " ooutsh " or " 66utsh " pottage ; " orvS " 

 cake of bread ; " oSik " or '■ oofiik " or " 6ik " breid ; " j6j " unleavened bread ; " j6j " or " shosh " 

 or "jefjof" or "jofjeT" to cook; — in English, the phrase "the egg is full of dough." The char- 

 acter occurs as early as the .... dynasty, and continues in use until the end of hieroglyphic writing 

 (Leps. d iv. pi. 54). A second form ^ occurs from the Nineteenth dynasty to the end of hiero- 

 glyphic writing (Leps. k. pi. 35, and 56 to 64). 



Ervum lens oi the Uralian plains? Called in Britain lentil, in France " lentille " (Nugent), in 

 Germany " linse," in Italy " lente " (Lenz), in Illyrian " socivika," in Russian " tschetschevitza " (A. 

 Dec), in Greece " pliakc " (Sibth ), in Eg^pt " a'ds " apparently from the Egyptian " 66utsh " pot- 

 tage, the plant being called in Egyptian " artshin " or " artshan " — (transl. Ezek iv. 9, ms. Boro-. 

 and Zoeg. p. 651) : E. lens continuing abundantly cultivated in Egypt, the general use of red lentil 

 pottage, such as caused Esau to be called Edom (Gen. xxv. 30 to 34) is very striking: the " othsh " 

 is also mentioned in 2 Sam. xvii. 28, xxxiii. 11, and Ezekiel iv. 9. Farther North, the " phakos " or 

 " phake " is mentioned by Aristophanes vesp. S21. TheophrasLus, Dioscorides, and Athenaeus iv. 47 ; 

 is identified in Syn. Diosc. with the " l^ntSm " or " ISntikoulam " of the Romans ; the " lentim " or 

 " lens " is mentioned by Cato 34, Virgil, Columella, Pliny, and the " lenticula " by Palladius vii. 3 : E. 



