OF ACCOMPANYING ANIMALS AND PLANTS. 47 



lens is described by Rivinus tetr. irr. pi. 35 ; is termed "I. vulgaris " by T.ournefort inst. 390 ; was ob- 

 served by Georgi in Southern Russia (Ledeb.) ; by Sibthorp, and Fraas, under cultivation in Greece 

 and springing up spontaneously in cultivated ground ; by Lenz, under the same circumstances in 

 Italy ; as throughout middle Europe (Pers., and Koch), where it is regarded by A. Decandolle as not 

 indigenous. Eastward, was unknown in Hindustan at the time of Alexander's visit (Theophr. iv. 4), 

 has no Sanscrit name (Roxb., and Pidd.) ; but is cultivated at present even in Bengal (A. Dec), is 

 called in Hindustanee " moth " or " adas " or " masur " (D'roz.), in the environs of Bombay " mus- 

 soor" (as though brought from Egypt) but continuing "commonly cultivated " (Graham). Imported 

 lentils are occasionally sold in Northeast America, but I am not aware of any attempts at cultivation. 

 " E. nigricans " was observed by Fraas indigenous in Greece. 



n n n (P re g nant na wk signifying dismissing children on account of poverty ; for the bird lays 

 three eggs and breaks two of them, being unable from losing its nails to rear three young, 

 Horap. ii. 94) ; " tshSnS " or " tshSni " or " m£tj8v " or " m£th6v " infirmity ; " mSthS Svol " dismis- 

 sion ; " 6u5d " separation ; " 818m " to be affected with sorrow, compunction ; " ok£m " or " okm " 

 or " 8kSm " or " 8km " sadness, having a sad countenance ; " ol " or " 81 " or " 81i " or " 81p " to take 

 away, lead, embark; "h81" to depart; "6u8t£v" to pass over, migrate. — The character occurs under 

 the Fourth or Fifth dynasty (Leps. d. ii. pi. 99). 



(horn of the male bullock signifying work ; of the female, penalty, Horap. ii. 16 and 17) ; 

 ; tap " or " top " extremity, horn ; " h8p " horn ; " h8f " or " h6v " work, business ; " os8 " or 

 " osi " penalty, loss ; " 8pt " or " opt " to bear ; — in English, " the two horns of a dilemma." The 

 character occurs as early as the Fourth dynasty (Leps. k. pi. 7). A second form \ -^ occurs under 

 the Eighteenth and Nineteenth dynasties (Leps. d. iii. pi. 55, 144). A third form \^\, ^ ^ oc- 

 curs under the Twenty-second dynasty (Leps. k. pi. 44). 



(seven marks inclosed by two fingers signifying inexperienced, also destiny, also mu-ic, 

 Horap. ii. 27) ; " Svia " near ; " 8p " lot, allotment, accounts, vote ; " hi-6p " to cast lots ; 

 "han-8p" betrothed ; — in English, " the two horns of a dilemma.'' ^S=\ The character occurs 

 as early as the Fourth dynasty (Leps. k. pi. 7). JIL A second form M^ occurs under ^-J 

 the Eighteenth dynasty; together with a third ^^Wpi (Leps. d. iii. pi. 55). A fourth 



form occurs from the Nineteenth dynasty to the *'^f\ Ptolemies (Leps. d iii. pi. 148, 



and iv. pi. 13). 



" osr " or " ouosr " or " vos8r " oar ; " on " again ; " ou8hm " again, to do again ; " ouohg " 

 ^~^' ox " ouoohg " or " ouohg " or " ouohi " or " ohi " fisher ; " 8j£r " to hold on, persevere ; " oorj " 

 or " 8rj " diligent, diligence ; " 6j8n " unremitting ; " 6ms " or " 8ms " to drown ; " 6sht " or " 6jh " 

 suffocate ; " 8jev " or " 8shv " or " ortsh " or " Srtsh " cold, to grow cold ; " 6jn " to perish ; " 8jp " 

 or " 6u6jp " or " ouojp " destruction. — The character occurs from the Fifth dynasty to the Greek 

 conquest (Leps. k. pi. 5 to 60) : the Latin word for oar " remus," has been derived from "ramus " 

 branch ; and branches of trees similar to the above figure, were observed by myself used for rowing 

 rafts of earthen jars on the Nile. 



" 8ssh " plain, Desert ; " koi " plain, field ; " hoi " or " h6id " farm ; " ohi " or " ohg " or 

 ~ 7VT " ooh6 " or " iohi " or " ouiohi " field, flocks, cattle-fold ; " sdohS " or " sd8hS " cultivated field ; 

 '■ ouoi " or " ou8i " or " ouoiS " or " 6uo£i8 " cultivator, tiller of the soil. — The character occurs 

 from the Fourth dynasty to the end of hieroglyphic writing (Leps. d. ii. pi. 10, and k. pi. 5 to 66). 

 *\5ft (baboon " kunokephalon " standing with hands raised and the emblem of royalty on the 



^s^, head, signifying the moon rising ; for both sun and moon have a share in light, Horap. i. 

 jfa! 15) ; " ioh " or " ooh " or " oou " moon ; " onk " to rise, increase. — The character occurs as 

 early as the ... . dynasty (fig. Brit, mus., Buns, and Birch). 



•jf U " ogion " or " pogion " oesophagus ; " tshou8vS " or " tshv8vi " throat ; " omk " or " 8mk " 

 T J to swallow; " oji " limit, end. — The two characters occur as early as the . . . dynasty, 

 I I also in the Book of the Dead and on a sarcophagus now in the British museum (Buns, and 

 Birch). 



p, its pervading meaning practical. The interjection poh ! 

 *=—=** " pashS " segment, table ; "pinaz " or "vinaj " dish, board ; "pen " victuals, food ; "pahs ' 

 li wild-ame; " patsh " a hunt ; "pise " or " p£s " to cook ; —in Greek "pera" wallet or provi- 

 sion-pouch, " pinax " a table or board ; in Latin " paro " to provide. The character occurs from the 

 Fourth dynasty to the Eighteenth (Leps. d. ii. pi. 28, iii. pi. 67). A second form £fQj occurs 

 under the . . . dynasty (Champ, diet. 255). » 



(Ml " pennS " door ; " pennS " or '■ pei » or " ph«i " flea ; - in Greek " pulos " door, in Latin pulex 

 111 flea The character occurs under the Third dynasty (Leps. d. ii. pi. 3). A second form Q occurs 

 from the Fourth dynasty to the end of hieroglyphic writing (Leps. d. 11. pi. 25, and k. pi. 5 to 67). 



The flea, Pulex irritans, already in Egypt at the time of the invention of writing - continues 

 well known there. In Palestine, the " phrish " or flea is mentioned in the history of Saul (1 Sam. xx.v. 



