OF ACCOMPANYING ANIMALS AND PLANTS. 57 



pi. 259). A possible modification <r X occurs from the Nineteenth dynasty to the Twenty-second 

 (Leps. d. iii. pi. 123, 254, and j^ Rosellin. mon. stor. iii. p. 263). 



In regard to Horapollo's statement, that the " Snuthron gallon " produces young from its mouth, 

 some of the Siluridae are known to carry their ova within the cavity of the mouth. 



<Tl_j<; " anthous " house lizard or gecko ; " thoi thoi " variegated, spotted ; " thoi " black 



«=s^^ttC^ mark on the face ; " thoi " or " th6i " freckle or natural blemish ; " thouthou " to be 

 warty, infested with warts ; " tshthouit " calumny, false accusation ; " thav " leaven ; " thoh " to mix, 

 "th6t " mixed ; "thet" or "thot" mixture ; "thdou" heap ; — in Hebrew " thvS " calumny, "thlwa" 

 •spotted, "lthafi " house lizard ; in English "thatch." The character occurs from the Third dynasty 

 to the Ptolemies (Leps. d. ii. pi. 3, and k. pi. 27 to 57). 



The /louse lizard or gecko is well known in Egypt.' — The " lthaS " is mentioned in Leviticus xi. 

 30 ; and the " shmmyd " that " taketh hold with her hands and is in kings' palaces " (Prov. xxx. 28), 

 translated " kalav6tes '' in the Septuagint, is admitted to be the house lizard. Farther North, the 

 "skalav6tes " or " askalavStes " is mentioned by Aristophanes nub. T70, and Aristotle animal, ix. 29 

 as inhabiting Greece : the " stellio " by Pliny viii. 49 and xxx. 27 as inhabiting Italy and Sicily, im- 

 ported besides in the prepared state for medicinal use. 



j. / "tshthSh" street; "tho" throng, multitude, all the world; "tshtham" obstruction; " thoueV' 

 uljr or "thouet" or " thouot " or " th6oud " to congregate; "thoh" or " th6h " or " th6g " or 

 J\- "thog" or "thegthSg" or " thggthog " to disturb, make disturbance; " thoou '' or "tho" an 

 evil, great evil ; " thote " fear; "stherter" tremor, to tremble ; "sthSrter" or " thrtsho " to terrify; 

 " ethautsh " Ethiopia, " gthS.tsh " or " gthotsh " Ethiopian, — in Greek " aithiops," in Latin " aethiops," 

 in English Ethiopian. The character occurs in the Book of the Dead vii. 15. The " onokentauros " 

 of the Greeks, may also be compared. 



(armed man shooting arrows signifying a tumult, Horap. ii. 11) ; " sothnSf " a bowshot; 

 tshthortSr" or " tshtherthCr " tumult, sedition, to trouble, disturb ; "the"d" to rebel; "tha- 

 , teu " or " hateu '' or " sara-theou " tempest, storm ; " thi " or " thio " or " thieu " to overthrow, 

 cause to fall. — The character occurs from the Fourth dynasty to the Ptolemies (Leps. d. ii. pi. 19, 

 and k. pi. 6 to 58). 



Arundo donax of Arabia. Called in English reed or cane, in French " roseau " or " canne " (Nu- 

 gent), in German "pfeilrohr" (Fraas) or "pfahlrobr," in Italy " canna montana" or "canna domes- 

 tica (Lenz), in Greece " kalamos " (Sibth.), in Egypt and Yemen " kasab " (Forsk., and Del.), and 

 probably furnishing the arrows in use at the time of the invention of writing: — Nubian archers with 

 arrows are figured at Gizeh under the Fourth dynasty (Leps. d. ii. pi. 19) ; somewhat later, arrows of 

 both Nubians and Egyptians are marked at intervals like joints (Rosellin. ii. pi. 117 and 118), and 

 there is no evidence of subsequent change in the material ; the arrows too of the Asiatic strangers at 

 Benihassan under the Twelfth dynasty seem also from the reed : the Eastern world to the days of 

 Pliny was governed by the arrow, rain and windy weather interfering with battles and sometimes com- 

 pelling peace, the plant being extensively cultivated in Egypt; arrows continued in use as late as 

 the visit of Baumgarten i. 6, but change in the mode of warfare leading to neglect of cultivation the 

 reed became rare, was seen however by Fnrskal p. 24 in ditches at Rosetta : by Delile, planted for 

 garden hedges. Farther North, the "thonax" or reed-arrow is mentioned by Homer il. xi. 583 ; the 

 '• kalamos " producing arrows, by Theophrastus, and Dioscorides ; the " arundinetum," by Cato vi. 3, 

 and Columella, and the superior quality of the "calamus" arrows grown in Italy, by Pliny xvi 65 ■ A. 

 donax is described by C. Bauhin theatr. pi. 271, is termed "a. sativa quae donax Dioscondis by 

 Tournefort inst 526 ; was observed by Forskal, Sibthorp, Chaubard, and Fraas, under cultivation, 

 as well as seemingly wild in wet situations from the Peloponnesus to the Dardanelles ; by Lenz, cul- 

 tivated and seemingly wild in Italy ; by Forskal, near Marseilles; is known to occur also in Carn.olia 

 and Barbary (Pers.) ; and judging from importations, is largely cultivated at present for fishing-rods. 

 Southward from Egypt, was observed by Forskal in inundated places and along streams in Yemen, 

 its probable place of ori'gin. 



"thooui" or *toou6'' slippers; " thivs " heel; " thols " to trample ; "t-hemko" or "t- 



hmko" or " thmko " or « hemko " to oppress, tyrannize ; "sthet&n " oppressor ; "thaeu"or 



, " thaieu " or " taeieu " or " taiSieu " or " taie " or " taieu " or " taieout " illustrious, honourable, 



^honourable; » taiSiS » or "taauS" or "taia" or « taie » or «ta io" honour , prais e ^o honour; 



" thlom •■ or « thl6m " furrow, trench. - The character occurs from the Fourth dynasty to the Tenth, 



sometimes only one slipper represented (Leps. d. ii. pi. 98, 150, 148. and Champ, diet. 288) 



"hTv° sVarp stake or grave-stone ; " thulos " column ; « thouod " pillar or stela ; thax"or 

 thoux" or "thoks" or « t6ks " to drive in or infix; "thoums" or "thorns" or "thorns" to bury; 

 -Mhal" or "thfl" hill, mound; "thva" mound or tomb. - The character occurs from the Third dy- 

 nasty and the Book of the Dead to the end of hieroglyphic writing, usually in the horizontal position 

 (Leps. d. ii. pi. 2, and k, pi. 10 to 66). 



