OF ACCOMPANYING ANIMALS AND PLANTS. 6 1 



dust; " kSrmi" or " kSrmSs " or "krmSs" ashes; "6m£" or "omi" mud or clay. — The character 

 occurs as early as the Fifth dynasty (Leps. d. ii. pi. 43, Champ, gram. 76, and Sharpe pi. 12). 

 ■^fc» " mouki " or "bumouki" granary. — The character occurs in the Book of the Dead xlvii. 

 %MM 125, also under the .... dynasty (papyr., and Buns, and Birch), 

 d, in Greek " nt," its pervading meaning end. 



panegyry-festival ; " dSau " or " dfioou " or " doou " or " dloulai " or " dsoou " or " ds6it " or 

 "dtaio" to praise, glorify; "ooud" to rebuke. — The character occurs under the Third 

 dynasty, and in modified forms continues to the Ptolemies (Leps. d. ii. pi. 6, k. pi. 60, Leemans 

 22, Buns, and Birch). 



(hyaena skin signifying intrepid until death, Horap. ii. 68) ; " h6id " hyaena ; " doui " or " douoei " 

 or "douoi" or "d-6uoi" to advance, make a stand; "d-Sj£n" or l, d-£hrei" or " d-£hr£n " or 

 " d-Sgoun " or " douvS " (or " d-ouv£ ") to resist, carry on war ; " d " contest. — The character occurs 

 from the Fourth dynasty to the Eighteenth (Leps d. ii. pi. 21, 61, and k. pi. 26). The combination 



f 



W) 



occurs in the Book of the Dead, also under the . . dynasty (Champ, gram 379, 436, diet. 



¥ under the Roman con- 



"d" or "dd" or "taa" or " tgi " or "to" giving, to give; " Smhau " or "mhau" 

 sepulchre or tomb ; " d-mhau " interment ; " thouod " pillar or stela ; — in Hebrew " dnS," in 

 Greek "thoma" and "thosis" and "thithoo"and '" thithomi," in Latin "do "and " donum," in English 

 " donation." The character occurs from the Third dynasty to the end of hieroglyphic writing (Leps. 

 d. ii. pi. S, and k. pi. II to 66). The gift above figured is clearly a piece of the money current in 

 Egypt before or under the Third dynasty ; in later modifications the gift is pointed and pyr.imidal in 

 "W" shape ; and hence apparently the later pyramidal form A of the Greek letter " thSlta." 



y "takton " inverted ; — in Hebrew " dhd " underneath. The character occurs in the Book of 

 ■It I the Dead, also under the ... dynasty (Champ, gram. 369). 



'hod" or "hoid" or " hSd " tribute; "d-hemi" to give passage-money; "hot" to navi- 



gate. — The -S>- character occurs as early as the Fourth dynasty (Leps. d. ii. pi. 104). A 

 second form ^^ occurs under the Seventeenth dynasty (Leps. d. iii. pi. 12 and 83). 

 '• ripid " sacred fan ; " emSnt " or '• emnt " the West ; " amntfi " or " amend " Hades (the place 



r" ripid " sacred fan ; " ement or '• emnt " the west ; •■ amnie or ameiiu niura ^iuc pi<n.c 

 of departed spirits) ; " d-hap " to judge. — The character occurs on the Gliddon mummy-case 

 and from the Fifth dynasty to the end of hieroglyphic writing (Leps. k. pi. 5 to 63). The combination 

 p occurs under the /? Fourth dynasty (Leps. d. ii. pi. 98, Champ diet. 255). The lower 



Jk portion of this com M bination FA occurs separately under the Third dynasty ; and is sur- 

 fll mounted by a hawk ^ under the IM Fourth or Fifth (Leps. d. ii. pi. 3 and 82). 



Hyphcene cucifera of Abyssinia. A branching palm called in Egypt and Yemen " doum " or 

 "dom" (Forsk ) ■ and flag-shaped Jans plaited from its fronds, together with matting, brought down 

 the Nile as early as the invention of writing: -the palm occurs at regular intervals in a garden fig- 

 ured under the Seventeenth or Eighteenth dynasty (Champ.-Figeac pi. 55) J the » koukiophoron " is 

 mentioned by Theophrastus i. 10 to iv. 2 as resembling the date-palm, but the trunk branching the 

 timber superior in quality, the fruit large enough to fill the hand and in part edible ; Egyptian « kok- 

 kina" matting is enumerated by Strabo xvii. 2. 5 ; the -end," by Pliny xm. 18 as resembling the 

 date-palm, its fronds employed for plaited work ; mats and bagging of fronds of H. cucifera accord- 

 ing to Delile are made in Upper Egypt; and I witnessed the plaiting both of mats and flag-shaped 

 fans at Mocha. In ascending the Nile, H. cucifera made its first appearance in Lat. 27 25 and con- 

 tinued scattered on the river-flat clearly exotic to the end of my journey at the First cataract; beyond 

 (according to Delile, and Greville). it grows on the Desert margin m Nubia as far as the border of 

 Abyssinia! sheltering the development of thickets in some instances to the exten of rendering the 

 foil fit fo cultivation; an encampment at Atbara, the tents made of mats from its fronds was 



ted by Burckhardt. Farther East, H. cucifera was observed by Forskal under cultivation along the 

 base o'f the mountains of Yemen; and by myself, near Mocha, evidently planted. By European 

 colonists, was carried to Hindustan in 1828, and again m 1837 (Graham) . , „ 



n « nSit " or " no^it " or " nout " meal ; " nout " mill, to grind ; noutem bountiful noutS or 

 ^ "noud" God; -a word current in Egypt in the days of Joseph and written " nd m Hebrew 

 letters in Gen xi. 45: compare also the Hebrew words " thhn " to grind "thhnn" and"thhng 

 hand m u and the twenty-third and last letter - dw " meaning mark (Ezek. ,x. 4 to 6). The : charac- 

 SS :: the Gliddon mummy-case and ^^^ ^S^ 

 V D +££ PlLleinTettt-d^ ^ ^ ^cll^L 'Lm -f of the samf letter in ud 



Europe, seems only a modification (see the figures in Gesen. mon. Phoemc). 



