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64 CHRONOLOGICAL ARRANGEMENT 



Nineteenth generation. May 1st, 3667, among living men : 



3660 B. C. (= 3661 in calendar years = 3641 -(- '■ 20 " of both Maneth. tables), Ouenephes 

 succeeded by his son Ousaphaithos or Ousaphaes, fifth king of Egypt. The name of king 

 Hesep has been found on subsequent monuments, and " some religious and medical works 

 are referred to the period of his reign " (Birch). 

 3649 B. C. (= 3584 -|- " 65 years " of Gen. v. 21, and Josephus a. J. i 3. 4.), Enoch. 



3640 B. C. (= 3641 in calendar years = 3615 -f- " 26 " of both Maneth. tables), Ousaphai- 

 thos succeeded bv his son JMifivithos or Nievaes, sixth king of Egypt. In Eratosthenes' list 

 he is called "Thiavaes " — with only "nineteen" years assigned to his reign. The name of 

 king '• Imhotep " occurs at Hamamat, also the names of two of his sons (Leps. d. ii. pi. 115 

 and k. pi. 6). 



Twentieth generation. Sept. 1st, 3634, among living men : 



3614 B. C. (= 3615 in calendar years = 3597 -f- " '8 " of both Maneth. tables), Mievithos 

 succeeded by his son SSmSmpses, seventh king of Egypt. In Eratosthenes' list, he is called 

 ■' Pemph6s " — with •' eighteen " years assigned to his reign. 



" In the reign of SSmempses " (Maneth.), many signs or prodigies, and a great pestilence. 

 Twenty-first generation. Jan. 1st, 3600, among living men : 



3596 B. C. (= 3597 in calendar years = 3571 -f- " 26" of both Maneth tables), SemSmpses 

 succeeded by his son Vienedies or Ouvienthes, eighth king of Egypt. 



3584 B. C. (= 2615 -)- " 969 years" of Gen. \. 27 = " 187 -j- 1S2 -|- 600 years " of Gen. 

 v. 25 to 28 and vii. 6), Methuselah. 



3570 B. C. (= 3571 in calendar years = 3533 -f- " 38 " = 3055 -j- " 214 -j- 302 " of the Afr.- 

 Maneth. table), Vienolus succeeded by Voethos or V6hos, head of a new dynasty 1 ; also a 

 Thinite dynasty. 



A tomb of the squared soft stone of Lower Egypt, discovered between Abusir and Saccara 

 _i— £- by Lepsius, is regarded as the oldest inscribed monument known : the archaic form of many 

 of flie hieroglyphic characters implies a date hardly later than that last-named. The locality — was 

 pointed out to me in Egvpt, and the removed tomb was examined by myself in the museum at Berlin. 

 Among the inscribed hieroglyphic characters are numerals (Leps. d. ii. pi. 3), implying knowl- 

 edge more or less advanced of arithmetic. 



Also trees (Leps. d. ii. pi. 7) ; of course introduced into Egypt and maintained by cultivation. 

 Figures also of a man and woman, (f, £L^, corresponding to Adam and Eve, (the Egyptians, 

 as appears by the above-given coinci JLi, jSg dence in date, believing in Adam). 



Apart from the hieroglyphic inscription, tribute or presents are brought by men of the Barabra 

 or Ethiopian race ; already in contact with and a distinct nation from the Egyptians : — Nubians are 

 unequivocally figured at Gizeh under the Fourth dynasty, and at Benihassan under the Twelfth (Leps. 

 d. ii. pi. 4, T9, and Champ, mon. pi. 39s). 



That the strangers are really Nubians, appears from the head-rest or neck-pillow %J> in the hand 

 of one of them : — the Nubian neck-pillow makes its appearance as a hieroglyphic == character 

 under the Fourth dynasty (Leps. d. ii. pi. 98); was doubtless as among Nubians to the present day 

 made of wood. 



The practice among the Egyptians of animal sacrifices is also demonstrated ; the offerings 

 including the head of the oryx, and the head and neck of the above-mentioned large species of 

 crane. 



An ambiguous figure (Leps. d. ii. pi. 5), imperfectly preserved on the original tomb examined by 

 myself, is possibly intended for the pig, — and a similar figure occurs under Ptolemy VII. (Leps. d. 

 iv. pi. 26). I looked in vain for distinct figures of the pig at Gizeh and Benihassan, and was unable 

 while in Egypt to discover any prior to those at El Kab under the Seventeenth dynasty. 

 Twenty-second generation. May 1st, 3367, among living men : 



" In the reign of Voethos" (.Maneth.), a chasm opened at Bubastis and many persons perished. 

 The city of Bubastis therefore in existence: situated in Lower Egypt, — and at the present day 

 called " Tel-Bustak." 



8 Twenty-third generation. Sept. 1st, 3534, among living men : 

 3532 B. C. (= 3533 in calendar years = 3494 + "39" ° f 'he Afr .-Maneth. table), Voethos 

 succeeded by KaieLSs or K6os, second king of the Second dynasty. The name of king 

 Kaka— occurs in tombs at Gizeh ; and in the "Twenty-sixth " he is placed before Horakau 

 (Leps. d. ii. pi. ). 

 " In the reign of Kaiehos " (Maneth.), deification of the bulls. Apis at Memphis and Mnevis at 

 Heliopolis, and of the Mendesizn goal. A polytheistic system of mythology therefore in existence ; 

 and if not already established, animal-ivorship inaugurated. — The Egyptians do not appear to have 

 at any time become worshippers of images made with hands ; yet the Idolatry of other nations, is 



