OF ACCOMPANYING ANIMALS AND PLANTS. 65 



perhaps a result of hieroglyphic writing. On the Egyptian monuments, figures of gods apart from 

 hieroglyphic writing, occur under the Fourth dynasty ; but continue rare until the Sixth. 



The city of Heliopolis, therefore in existence : — Heliopolis is mentioned under the name of 

 "Awn" or On in Gen. xli. 45 to xlvi. 20, and Ezek. xxx. 17; " Byd-shmsh " or Beth-shemesh, in 

 Jerem. xliii. 13 ; and to the present day, its well known site is called " Ain-shems." 



The city of Mendes, also in existence ; situated in Lower Egypt : — ruins, supposed to be those 

 ofJVTendes, occur near the village of " Achman-tanah " (Champoll. Eg. ii. p. 122). 

 Twenty-fourth generation. Jan. 1st, 3500, among living men : 



3493 B. C. (= 3494 in calendar years = 3447 +""47" of the Afr.-Maneth. table), Kai«h6s 

 succeeded by Vin6thris or Viophis, third king of the Second dynasty. 



" Under Vinftthris " (Maneth.), an enactment, permitting females to ascend the throne. 

 Twenty-fifth generation. May 1st, 3467, among living men : 



13446 B. C. (= 3447 in calendar years = 3430 -J- " 17 " of the Afr.-Maneth. table), Vindthris 

 succeeded by Tlas, fourth king of the Second dynasty. — The name of Th-th-16s has been 

 found on the monuments by Lepsius k. pi. 7, with evidence that he preceded the Tenth 

 dynasty. 

 " Atlas, son of Lybia " (according to Pliny ii. 6 and vii. 57), founded " astrologiam " astron- 

 omy ; and ascertained "sphaeram ipsam," that the earth is spherical in shape. — Horapolloi. 10 speaks 

 of the ball rolled by the scarabaeus as having the form of the world. (See Prometheus.) 

 Twenty-sixth generation. Sept. 1st, 3434, among living men : 



3429 B. C. (= 3430 in calendar years = 3389 -f- "41 " of the Afr.-Maneth. table), Tlas 

 succeeded by SSthSnes, fifth king of the Second dynasty. No contemporaneous monuments 

 are known. — The name of king " Sent " has been found on later monuments by Lepsius k. 

 pi. 7, with evidence that he preceded the Tenth dynasty. 

 Twenty-seventh generation. Jan. 1st, 3400, among living men : 

 f "N 3397 B. C. (= 3584 — " 187 years " of Gen. v. 25), Lamech. 



Part of the tomb of a prophet attached to the personal adoration of king Sent is now in the 

 Ashmolean Library at Oxford; and "in style, character, and treatment," "does not differ in 

 any essential particular " but " closely resembles similar sculptures of the period of the Fourth 

 dynasty" (Birch). 



3388 B. C. (= 3389 in calendar years = 3372 -|- " 17 " of the Afr.-Maneth. table), Se"th£nes 

 succeeded by Haires, sixth king of the Second dynasty. 



3371 B. C. (= 3372 in calendar years = 3347 -\- " 25 " of the Afr.-Maneth. table), Haires 

 succeeded by N6pb£rh£res, seventh king of the Second dynasty. 

 Twenty-eighth generation. May 1st, 3367, among living men : 

 " In the reign of N£ph£rhe>es, as is fabled, the Nile flowed mixed with honey eleven days " (Maneth). 

 The pyramid of Meydoum is referred by Birch to about this period. 



3346 B. C. (= 3347 in calendar years = 3299 -)- " 48 " of the Afr.-Maneth. table), Ngphfir- 

 heVes succeeded by S4sohris, eighth king of the Second dynasty ; described as in "height five 

 cubits by three palms." — The name of Neferka-Sekar occurs in the Turin papyrus (Birch), 

 that of Neferseka in the Tablet of Abydos, and that of Nefer-sekra in the chamber of kings at 

 Karnak (Leps. k. pi. 10 and n). 

 Twenty-ninth generation. Sept. 1st, 3334, among living men : 

 Thirtieth generation. Jan. 1st, 3300, among living men : 



3298 B. C. (— 3299 in calendar years = 3269 -f " 30 " of the Afr.-Maneth. table), Sgsohris 

 succeeded by HenSres, ninth king of the Second dynasty. — The name of king Ka-en-ra occurs 

 in the Tablet of Abydos ; and in a dynasty anterior at least to the Tenth (see also Leps. k. 

 pi. 7). Two princes, a son and grandson bearing the name of " Raenkau," are given by Lep- 

 sius k. pi. 7 as having lived before the end of the Third dynasty. 

 3284 B. C. (= 3649 — " 65 — 300 = 365 yrs " of Gen. v. 21 to 24), " and walked Enoch with 

 God after he begat Methuselah three hundred years " . . . "and he not, for took him God." 



3268 B. C. (=3269 in calendar years = 3241 -f " 28 " = 3°55 + " 2I 4" of the Afr.-Maneth. 

 table, the Euseb.-Maneth. table giving 3902 — " 252 — 297 " = 3353 and 2498 -f " 203 + 

 448 + I9 8 " = 3347)' HSneres succeeded by N»e>6phes or N6hgr6his, head of a new dy- 

 nasty ; a Memphite dynasty. The name of king Nebka, or possibly Nebka-ra (see Leps. k. 

 _ pi. 7 and d. ii. pi. 39), occurs on a contemporaneous stone fragment at Abusir. 

 The hieroglyphic character J occurs on the same stone fragment: and according to Horapollo 

 i 5 the quarter of an " aroura " or Egyptian acre signifies the instituted year; on account of the 

 fourth year intercalation. The so-called "Julian year" used therefore at this early date in Egypt. 

 The character occurs besides under the Fourth dynasty at Gizeh, — and continues m use until the 

 end of hieroglyphic writing (Leps. d. ii. pi. 19 and 39, and k. pi. 12 to 67). 



9 



LJ 



LJ 



