OF ACCOMPANYING ANIMALS AND PLANTS. 75 



"ilghin" (Sibth.), in Egypt "tarfe" (Forsk.), in which we recognize the Egyptian "trvaein" or 

 "trveem" or "terv«eui_" (transl. Sept., and ms. Par.) identical with the "tshe-n-osi" mischief-wood 

 (Kirch.); also the "murike" a most ancient plant, coronary among the Egyptians in religious proces- 

 sions, —and among the Magians of Media, according to Metrodorus : T. Africana was observed by 

 Forskal, and Delile, in the Egyptian Desert, affording inferior charcoal; by myself, on the Desert- 

 margin in Upper Egypt and around Mocha. Farther North, the " murike " was used even among the 

 Scythians by soothsayers, the Apollo on Lesbos holding a branch (Alcaeus, Herodot , Dinon, and 

 schol. Nicand. ther. 613); is mentioned by Homer il. vi. 39 and x. 466 as growing around Troy; by 

 Hecataeus, Theophrastus, Strabo; and the "myricen" by Pliny xxiv. 41 as "infelicem arborem " 

 never planted in Italy: T. Africana was observed by Sibthorp, Chaubard, and Fraas, frequent in the 

 Peloponnesus and other parts of Greece; by Desfontaines i. p. 269, in Algeria; by Forskal, near 

 Marseilles; is termed "t. narbonensis " by Tournefort inst. 661, "t. gallica" by Linnasus ; is known 

 to grow also in Italy and Spain (Pers., and Lenz). Eastward from Arabia, was observed by Deacon 

 abounding "on the banks of the Indus and throughout Cutch and Scinde, where it is commonly used 

 for fire wood" and is called "jhaoo" (Graham) ; according to Thunberg, grows also in Japan and is 

 called "iione.'' By European colonists, was carried to Northeast America, where it continues an 

 ornamental plant in gardens. The bark according to Lindley " is slightly bitter and astringent." 

 (See T. Germanica). 



In the Sinai peninsula, "an abundance of a white sweet gummy substance resembling manna" is 

 collected from Tamarix Africana; ascertained by Seetzen, Burckhardt, and Ehrenberg to be an 

 exudation produced by an insect, Coccus mannifiarus (Spreng., and Lindl ). Beyond the Euphrates 

 and a little farther South, Persian manna called "gen" (see above) was observed by Frederick to be 

 " formed by an insect in that way," but " only on the larger branches covered by those minute insects, 

 and none is formed near wounds or cracks in the bark ; " agreeing with another "traveller who saw it 

 in the same country both on a tamarisk and on the small oak of Kermanshaw " (Malcolmson). 



Alhagi Maurorum of the Desert, from North Africa to Hindustan. The earners thorn, a hard- 

 stemmed plant a foot or two high growing in loose beds in the Desert, is called in Egypt " aghul " 

 (Forsk.), in Egyptian " ali " (lex. Oxon.), the same word meaning to take — (transl. Sept.) ; and its 

 exudation is regarded by some writers as the "mn " manna of the Israelites: the " throsom£li " or 

 " aSromSli " of Lebanon, procured by shaking the branches of a plant, is mentioned by Galen fac. al. 

 iii. p. 739 ; the " shirchashak " described as the best kind of manna by Eltamini, and Ebn Baitar, is 

 referred by Sprengel, and Sontheimer, to A. Maurorum ; the chief source of the " manna of the 

 Arabs," as ascertained by Rauwolf, and Tournefort trav. i. p. 247, collected "by merely shaking the 

 branches " (Lindl.) : the plant, much relished by camels, was observed by Forskal p. 136, Delile, and 

 myself, frequent in the Egyptian Desert. Farther East, is called in Persia " shooturk," in Sanscrit 

 " yasa " or " yavasa," in Hindustanee " juwasa " (Lindl.) ; was observed by Burnes throughout 

 Scinde ; and by Law, " common in Guzerat and S. M. country " (Graham). 



Artemisia inculta of the Egyptian and Syrian Desert. Called in Egyptian "hrim" (ms. Copt., 

 and Edw.), while a word perhaps not distinct means interior of the Desert — (transl. Sept. Ex. iii. 1): 

 the Greek word " e"rem6s," if not the Hebrew " hrm," may therefore be derived from this plant : in 

 the days of Dioscorides, the " sSriphon " or " apsinthion thalassion " was substituted for olive branches 

 in Isis-processions at Taphosiris (West of Alexandria) : A. inculta is described by Delile, as observed 

 by him toward the Red Sea in the Desert, with marks of having been cropped by cattle. Farther 

 North, the "sSriphon " or " apsinthion thalassion " employed as a vermifuge, is further described by 

 Dioscorides as an herb with slender branches resembling the "avrotonS mikr6," and abounding along 

 the Taurian mountains in Cappadocia where cattle fatten on it ; an account repeated by Pliny xxvii. 

 29 and xxxii. 31. Sprengel ascertained by experiment that cattle will feed on various species of 

 Artemisia. 



Fifty-first generation. Jan. 1st, 2600, mostly beyond youth : 



2593 B. C. = " 1 6th year of Pepi," found on the monuments — (C. Mull. fr. Maneth. p. 555). 



2591 B. C. = "4th Mesori, 18th year of Pepi," in a tablet at Wady Maghara, examination of the 

 mines there by a commission — (Birch). 



An inscription by Una, priest of the pyramid of Pepi, has been found at San or Tanis. — The 

 pyramid was probably "one of the group at Gizeh " (Birch). 



The name of king Merenra occurs at Wadi Maghara, Chenoboskion (Leps. d. ii. pi. 113), 



I in a tablet on the Kosser road (Glid. analect.), and in an inscription at Abydos with evidence 



that he immediately succeeded Pepi — (Mariette 79); also on monuments of later times, as in 



the chamber of kings at Karnak, and a different form of apparently the same name in the 



_ tablet of Abydos. , , , „, • c 



The priest Una, after holding office under Athi and Pepi, was placed by Merenra in charge of 

 expedition up the Nile, to procure syenite for the royal pyramid — (Birch). 



