82 CHRONOLOGICAL ARRANGEMENT 



"peonia" or "peom'a maschia" (Lenz), in Greece "legounia" (Sibth.) or " makos " (Fraas). Also 

 employed medicinally by the Chinese throughout all antiquity — (Cibot) : known to grow in Siberia 

 (Pers., Pall., Bieb., and Steud.). Westward, the "paionia arren " is distinguished by Dioscorides, 

 and according to Pliny xxvii. 60 grows also in the woods of Italy : P. corallina is described by Morison 

 xii. pi. 1, is termed "p. folio nigricante splendido quae mas" by Tournefort inst. 273 ; was observed 

 by Sibthorp, and Fraas, on the mountains of Greece ; by Lenz, in Italy ; is known to occur cultivated 

 and naturalized throughout middle Europe, and from " 1803'' naturalized in Britain (Engl. bot. pi. 

 1513, Wats., and A. Dec). 



Artemisia vulgaris of Europe and Northern Asia. Called in Britain mugwort, in Anglo-Saxon 

 "mug-wyrt" or "mucg-wyrt," in old English " modirwort," in TElfric's glossary " matrum herba," by 

 Macer Floridus " herbarum matrem " (Prior), in France " armoise " (Nugent), in Germany " mutter- 

 kraut " (Grieb), in China "y-tsao," and known there throughout all antiquity, — for medicinal prop- 

 erties so highly esteemed as to be regarded the herb of physicians, employed besides for various 

 novel purposes, and growing in all the provinces (Cibot mem. Chin, v) : carried aboriginally to Java 

 (Zoll.) and Hindustan (Dec. prodr. vi. p. 112), but known to grow wild in Northeastern Asia and 

 throughout Siberia (Ledeb., and Wats.). Farther West, the "artemisia" was named after Artemis 

 llithya, or according to others its original name "parthenis " was changed in honour of Artemisia 

 (Plin. xxv. 36) ; the "metrdas arttimisias " is mentioned by Heras (Galen comp. med. gen. vii. 14) ; 

 A. vulgaris is termed ''a. vulgaris major" by Tournefort inst. 460; is known to occur in waste places 

 around Caucasus (Bieb.), was observed by Sibthorp around Bursa and Smyrna and in shaded situa- 

 tions in Northern Greece ; is known to occur in Italy (Ten. p. 419), and in waste and cultivated 

 ground as far as Lapland (Pers., and Fries). By European (or possibly Asiatic) colonists, was 

 carried to North America, where it now occurs from the Arctic circle throughout Canada, having 

 reached California before the voyage of Beechey (Hook., and Arn.) ; was observed by myself nat- 

 uralized along the Lower St. Lawrence ; and by Pursh, and A. Gray, in " waste places near dwell- 

 ings " in our Northern States. Clearly by European colonists, was carried to Austral Africa (A. 

 Dec. . see A. arborescens and A. campestris). 



The name of king Nuantef IV. occurs on a vase (now in the possession "of Dr. J. 

 Lee "), and on other contemporaneous monuments — (Glid. analect, and Leps. k. pi. 

 1 1 and 68) : and is in about this place in the chamber of kings at Karnak. 



" Second year of Ranebter " or Nuantef IV., the latest date in his reign found on the 

 monuments (C. Mull. fr. Man. p. 555). 

 Sixtieth generation. Jan. 1st, 2300, mostly beyond youth : 



"2297 B. C. (=6ist year of Yao," according to the Li-tai-ki-sse, and Pauth. p. 35), the Great 

 inundation. Tikou or Tiko, a grandson of Tchouan-hiu, may have been at this date reigning. He 

 introduced polygamy into China: — where the institution continues to the present clay (see Pauth.). 



Otiartes, a Chaldean of Lancharis or Laranchis, reigning at Babylon — (Berosus in Alex. Poly- 

 hist., Euseb., and Syncell.). 



After ruling China "ten " years, Ti-tchi dethroned by the principal men. The name of the years 

 changed from " nian " to " tsai " (Amyot, and Pauth. p. 31 and 475). 



"2285 B. C. (Chinese chron. table), " Chun associated in the government by Yao." The acces- 

 sion of Yao himself can hardly be placed earlier than this date (see below). 



The institution of the drum and tablet for giving advice to the emperor, established by Yao : — 

 or according to some authorities, by his colleague and successor Chun. 



Quotations regarded as belonging to the time of the Chinese emperor Yao have been preserved 

 in the Chou-king (Pauth.) ; and if genuine, are the earliest transmitted writings. 

 fS^ { \ The title of a king whose name remains unknown, occurs in a contemporaneous 

 inscription in the quarries at Hamamat (Leps. d. ii. pi. 150, and k. pi. 11). 



"In the time of Thang- Yao" (hist. Cor., and Klapr.), the Coreans having neither 

 chiefs nor king, a supernatural man descended under a " than-mou " or santai tree and 

 was made king. He was called Than-kiun, and resided first at Ping-jang, — but after- 

 wards removed to P2-y6 ; where his descendants reigned nearly a thousand years. 



"2277 B. C. (=8ist year of Yao and 9th year of the association of Chun," Chinese chron. 

 table), beginning of the Seventh cycle. 



On the Egyptian monuments, animal-headed gods make their first appearance (compare Leps. 

 d. ii. pi. 1 [9, 144, and 150). 



2669 1). C. (= 2210 -f " 16 + 43 years " of both Maneth. tables), accession of the Eleventh 

 dynasty, a Theban dynasty. 



The name of king " Nacht-en-ra," not found on contemporaneous monuments, — occurs 

 in about this place in the chamber at Karnak. 



Sixty-first generation. May 1st, 2267, mostly beyond \outh : 



