OF ACCOMPANYING ANIMALS AND PLANTS. 



33 



" 2255 B. C. = 1st year of Yu-Chun " (Chinese chron. table, and Pauth. p. 38), Chun now sole 

 emperor. He abolished the practice of mutilating criminals : marking the face, cutting off the nose 

 or feet, or making eunuchs j a class at first consisting only of criminals. 



The title, chiefly erased, of another king whose name remains unknown, occurs on 

 contemporaneous monuments. — He is placed next in order of succession by Lepsius 

 k. pi. 11. 



2250 B. C. = " 6th year of Chun "(.... Pauth. p. 38), visit of the emperor 

 Chun to the four mountains Yo, at the four cardinal points of China, to offer sacrifices 

 to the Supreme Being ; there being as yet no temples. 



Chun also instituted the " Five immutable rules " or obligations : between father and children, 

 king and subjects, husband and wife, old men and young, and between friends. 



Xisuthrus, son of Otiartes, reigning at Babylon — (Berosus in Alex. Polyhist., Euseb. i. p. 5, and 

 Syncell. p. 39). 



The name or title of a third king, found on the monuments, — is placed next in order of 

 succession by Lepsius k. pi. n. 



Sixty-second generation. Sept. 1st, 2234, mostly beyond youth : 



Deluge of Xisuthrus : and accession of Euechous, a Chaldean, as king at Babylon — (Bero- 

 sus in Alex. Polyhist., and Euseb. i. 4. p. 18). 

 "2233 B. C." (= 330 -\- " 1903 years" of Simplicius, Clint, i. p. 282 and iii. p. 505), beginning 

 of the series of Babylonian astronomical Observations ; — procured on the spot by Callisthenes, and 

 sent by him to Aristotle. 



2226 B. C. (=: 2210 -)- " 16 years" of the Maneth. tables, the Turin papyrus giving 

 " 19 years "), accession of Ammenemes, head of the Twelfth dynasty : also a Theban 

 dynasty. Amunemhat appears to have commenced the temple at Karnak, and his 

 name occurs on contemporaneous monuments, in the quarries at Mokattam and Ham- 

 mamat — (Birch) ; also somewhat later, in the Second tomb at Benihassan (observed 

 by myself), and in the chamber of kings at Karnak. 



"2224 B. C, Yu associated in the government by Chun" — (Chinese chron. table). 

 2219 B. C. = " 8th year of Amunemhat " on a stela — (now in Paris, C. Mull. fr. Man p. 563). 

 2218 B. C. = " 9th year of Amunemhat " on another stela ; the latest date in his reign found on 

 the monuments (C. Mull. fr. Man. p. 563). 



Among proverbs extant on papyri, some are attributed to Amunemhat. The Egyptian proverbs 

 (according to Lepsius Eg. and Sin. p. 390) somewhat resemble those of Solomon : and (according to 

 Diodorus . . ), the wise sayings and actions of distinguished men, were read aloud to the Egyptian 

 kings. 



2217 B. C. = 39th year of Chun, and 8th year of the association of Yu " (Chinese chron. table), 

 beginning of the Eighth cycle. 



Manetho's First volume closing with the reign of AmmSnSmes, indicates at least a chronological 

 landmark. It may therefore be observed : that after excluding the extreme reigns of the Twelfth 

 dynasty, the Turin papyrus gives "213 y. 1 mo. 17 d. — 19 y. — 3 y. 10 mo. 4 d. = 190 y. 3 mo. 

 13 d. ; clearly the " 190 years " preceding the Hyksos in the Egyptian Chronicle, and in the Euseb.- 



Maneth. table. 



4«W 2210 B C. (— 1413 + " 263 -f- 518 + 16 — 184 + 453 + 160 years " of the Afr.- 

 Illl Maneth. table = " 348 -f- I0 3 4" '9° years" of the Euseb.-Maneth. table and the 

 SS Egyptian Chronicle + 1530 X - — 1461 X 2; Manetho's general numbers giving 

 -. Wk {cao X 2 4- " 16 — 2300 years " = 2209, and the Euseb.-Maneth. table giving besides 

 JHHH^ ,,,[ , _j_" 103 _|_ 250 -)- 24; years " = 2211), Ammenemes succeeded by his son S£sogh6- 

 siTor SSsogh6ris, second king of the Twelfth dynasty ; to whom " Forty-six " years are assigned in 

 both the Maneth. tables ; but "forty-five " only in the Turin papyrus. The name of king Sesurtesen 

 occurs on contemporaneous monuments throughout Egypt and Nubia as far as Wady Haifa : — also 

 on monuments of later times, as in the chamber of kings at Karnak, and in the tablet at Abydos. 

 Papyrus rolls are extant, having the names of Amunemhat and Sesurtesen written in vertical columns 



(Leps. eg. and sin. p. 395). 



From Chun whom Yao associated, — to Wen- Wang, " one thousand years are reckoned by 



Mencius (Du Halde i. p. 131)- 



"2205 B. C. — 1st year of Yu," now sole emperor, and head of the new dynasty of the Hia — 

 (Chinese chron. table). An inscription attributed to Yu, is now known to be of much later date 

 IS&G silk) 



The inventor of an intoxicating fermented liquor or of alcoholic distillation, banished by the 



